| Literature DB >> 31607767 |
Bruno Gutiérrez Quiceno1, María Teresa Calzada Gutiérrez1, Andrés Fandiño-Losada2.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to carry out the cultural adaptation and the validation of the GOHAI scale for the Colombian population.Entities:
Keywords: Elderly; Geriatric Assessment; Geriatric Dentistry; Oral Health; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Validation Studies; aged; dental care for aged; dentures
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31607767 PMCID: PMC6774582 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i2.3999
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Figure 1Sampling and validation processes.
GOHAI response frequencies and translation of items in work sample (WS) and confirmatory sample (CS).
| GOHAI Item | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In the past three months… | Always | Often | Sometimes | Seldom | Never | |||||
| WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | |
| How often did you limit the kind or amounts of food you eat because of problems whit your teeth or dentures? | 133 | 140 | 180 | 200 | 171 | 184 | 326 | 344 | 2,818 | 2,704 |
| How often did you have trouble biting or chewing any kinds of food, such as firm meat or apples? | 449 | 465 | 455 | 444 | 346 | 390 | 444 | 441 | 1,924 | 1,832 |
| How often were you able to swallow comfortably? | 169 | 202 | 79 | 97 | 176 | 151 | 379 | 371 | 2,825 | 2,751 |
| How often have your teeth or dentures prevented you from speaking the way you wanted? | 651 | 649 | 196 | 176 | 178 | 180 | 302 | 326 | 2,301 | 2,241 |
| How often were you able to eat anything without feeling discomfort? | 203 | 211 | 203 | 216 | 296 | 307 | 518 | 509 | 2,408 | 2,329 |
| How often did you limit contacts whit people because of the condition of your teeth or dentures? | 125 | 129 | 127 | 140 | 130 | 125 | 322 | 329 | 2,924 | 2,849 |
| How often were you pleased or happy whit the looks of your teeth and gums, or dentures? | 495 | 463 | 342 | 354 | 230 | 203 | 496 | 514 | 2,065 | 2,038 |
| How often did you use medication to relieve pain or discomfort from around your mouth. | 77 | 54 | 86 | 86 | 119 | 133 | 326 | 345 | 3,020 | 2,954 |
| How often were you worried or concerned about the problems whit your teeth, gums, or dentures? | 298 | 291 | 246 | 223 | 227 | 236 | 377 | 416 | 2,480 | 2,406 |
| How often did you feel nervous or self- conscious because of problems whit your teeth, gums or dentures? | 224 | 188 | 182 | 199 | 167 | 173 | 346 | 332 | 2,709 | 2,680 |
| How often did you feel uncomfortable eating in front of people because of problems whit your teeth or dentures? | 184 | 188 | 140 | 180 | 165 | 146 | 305 | 291 | 2,834 | 2,767 |
| How often were your teeth or gums sensitive to hot, cold or sweets? | 200 | 204 | 196 | 214 | 241 | 206 | 362 | 342 | 2,629 | 2,606 |
Discriminant and Concurrent Validity analysis on working sample (WS) and confirmatory sample (CS).
| Working Sample | Confirmatory Sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Median GOHAI Score (Q1 - Q3***) |
| Median GOHAI Score (Q1 - Q3***) |
|
|
| ||||
| Urban | 54 (48-59) | 0.54* | 54 (48-58) | 0.0018 * |
| Rural | 54 (48-58) | 53 (47-57) | ||
|
| ||||
| 60-64 | 55 (48-59) | 0.01** | 54 (48-59) | 0.0046 ** |
| 65-69 | 54 (48-59) | 55 (48-58) | ||
| 70-74 | 54 (47-58) | 54 (48-57) | ||
| 75-79 | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
| 80 and over | 53 (47-57) | 52 (46-56) | ||
|
| ||||
| Light skin color | 55 (48-58) | 0.0009 ** | 54 (48-58) | 0.0047 ** |
| Medium skin color | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
| Dark skin color | 53 (45-57) | 53 (47-57) | ||
|
| ||||
| None | 53 (46-57) | 0.0001** | 52 (46-57) | 0.0001 ** |
| Unfinished elementary | 53 (47-58) | 53 (47-57) | ||
| Finished elementary | 55 (48-59) | 55 (48.5-58) | ||
| Unfinished high school | 55 (49-59) | 55 (49-59) | ||
| Finished high school | 55 (49-60) | 56 (50-59) | ||
| Graduated or ungraduated technician | 55 (51-59) | 56 (49-59) | ||
| Graduated or ungraduated college | 56 (52-60) | 56 (52-60) | ||
| Graduated or ungraduated studies | 58 (55-59) | 57 (53-60) | ||
|
| ||||
| 1-2 | 54 (47-58) | 0.0001** | 54 (47-57) | 0.0001 ** |
| 3-4 | 55 (49-59) | 56 (50-59) | ||
| 5-6 | 56 (52-60) | 56 (51-60) | ||
|
| ||||
| Subsidiary | 53 (47-57) | 0.0001** | 53 (46-57) | 0.0000** |
| Contributive | 55 (50-59) | 55 (50-59) | ||
| Of exception | 53 (47-60) | 56 (49-59) | ||
| Special | 55.5 (51-60) | 55 (50-57) | ||
| Non-affiliate | 52 (44-59) | 50 (44-57) | ||
|
| ||||
| Yes | 52 (46-57) | 0.0000* | 52 (46-57) | 0.0000* |
| No | 56 (52-60) | 56 (52-60) | ||
|
| ||||
| Male | 55 (48-59) | 0.14** | 54 (47-58) | 0.11* |
| Female | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
|
| ||||
|
| ||||
| Very good/good | 55 (49.5-59) | 0.0001* | 56 (50-59) | 0.0001* |
| Regular | 53 (47-57) | 53 (46.5-57) | ||
| Bad/Very bad | 50 (43-56) | 50 (44-56) | ||
* Mann-Whitney’s test;
** Kruskal-Wallis’s test.
***Q1- Quartile 1 Q3- Quartile 3
Figure 2Test- re-test scores scatter graph of the Colombian GOHAI scale.
Figura 1Proceso de muestreo y validación GOHAI
GOHAI: Frecuencia de respuestas y traducción de los items en las muestras trabajadas (WS) y la muestra confirmatoria (CS)
| GOHAI Item | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| En los últimos 3 meses, con qué frecuencia… | Siempre | Casi Siempre | Con frecuencia | Casi Nunca | Nunca | |||||
| WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | WS | CS | |
| Tuvo que cambiar la cantidad o la clase de alimentos por problemas con su dentadura o prótesis? | 133 | 140 | 180 | 200 | 171 | 184 | 326 | 344 | 2,818 | 2,704 |
| Fue difícil morder o masticar algún alimento porque estaba duro? | 449 | 465 | 455 | 444 | 346 | 390 | 444 | 441 | 1,924 | 1,832 |
| Pudo pasar o tragar los alimentos sin problema? | 169 | 202 | 79 | 97 | 176 | 151 | 379 | 371 | 2,825 | 2,751 |
| La dentadura o prótesis no lo dejaban hablar bien? | 651 | 649 | 196 | 176 | 178 | 180 | 302 | 326 | 2,301 | 2,241 |
| Pudo comer cualquier cosa sin molestias? | 203 | 211 | 203 | 216 | 296 | 307 | 518 | 509 | 2,408 | 2,329 |
| Limitó relacionarse o tener contacto con la gente debido al estado de su dentadura o prótesis? | 125 | 129 | 127 | 140 | 130 | 125 | 322 | 329 | 2,924 | 2,849 |
| Le gustó cómo se ve su dentadura o prótesis? | 495 | 463 | 342 | 354 | 230 | 203 | 496 | 514 | 2,065 | 2,038 |
| Usó medicinas para calmar dolor o molestias en la boca? | 77 | 54 | 86 | 86 | 119 | 133 | 326 | 345 | 3,020 | 2,954 |
| Tuvo preocupación por problemas con su dentadura o prótesis? | 298 | 291 | 246 | 223 | 227 | 236 | 377 | 416 | 2,480 | 2,406 |
| Se sintió tímido o cohibido por problemas con su dentadura o prótesis? | 224 | 188 | 182 | 199 | 167 | 173 | 346 | 332 | 2,709 | 2,680 |
| Le incomodó comer delante de otras personas por problemas con su dentadura o prótesis? | 184 | 188 | 140 | 180 | 165 | 146 | 305 | 291 | 2,834 | 2,767 |
| Sintió molestias en su dentadura, al comer o beber cosas calientes, frías o dulces? | 200 | 204 | 196 | 214 | 241 | 206 | 362 | 342 | 2,629 | 2,606 |
Análisis de la validez discriminante y concurrente en la muestra de trabajo (WS) y en la muestra confirmatoria (CS).
| Muestra de trabajo | Muestra Confirmatoria | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mediana GOHAI Score (Q1 - Q3***) | Mediana GOHAI Score (Q1 - Q3***) | ||
| Urbano | 54 (48-59) | 0.54* | 54 (48-58) | 0.0018 * |
| Rural | 54 (48-58) | 53 (47-57) | ||
| 60-64 | 55 (48-59) | 0.01** | 54 (48-59) | 0.0046 ** |
| 65-69 | 54 (48-59) | 55 (48-58) | ||
| 70-74 | 54 (47-58) | 54 (48-57) | ||
| 75-79 | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
| 80 y más | 53 (47-57) | 52 (46-56) | ||
| Piel Color Claro | 55 (48-58) | 0.0009 ** | 54 (48-58) | 0.0047 ** |
| Piel Color Medio | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
| Piel Color Oscuro | 53 (45-57) | 53 (47-57) | ||
|
| ||||
| Ninguno | 53 (46-57) | 0.0001** | 52 (46-57) | 0.0001 ** |
| Primaria Incompleta | 53 (47-58) | 53 (47-57) | ||
| Primaria Completa | 55 (48-59) | 55 (48.5-58) | ||
| Secundaria Incompleta | 55 (49-59) | 55 (49-59) | ||
| Secundaria Completa | 55 (49-60) | 56 (50-59) | ||
| Tecnico completo o incompleto | 55 (51-59) | 56 (49-59) | ||
| Universitario completo o incompleto | 56 (52-60) | 56 (52-60) | ||
| Posgrado complete o incompleto | 58 (55-59) | 57 (53-60) | ||
|
| ||||
| 1-2 | 54 (47-58) | 0.0001** | 54 (47-57) | 0.0001 ** |
| 3-4 | 55 (49-59) | 56 (50-59) | ||
| 5-6 | 56 (52-60) | 56 (51-60) | ||
|
| ||||
| Subsidiado | 53 (47-57) | 0.0001** | 53 (46-57) | 0.0000** |
| Contributivo | 55 (50-59) | 55 (50-59) | ||
| De escepción | 53 (47-60) | 56 (49-59) | ||
| Especial | 55.5 (51-60) | 55 (50-57) | ||
| No afiliado | 52 (44-59) | 50 (44-57) | ||
|
| ||||
| Si | 52 (46-57) | 0.0000* | 52 (46-57) | 0.0000* |
| No | 56 (52-60) | 56 (52-60) | ||
| Masculino | 55 (48-59) | 0.14** | 54 (47-58) | 0.11* |
| Femenino | 54 (48-58) | 54 (48-58) | ||
|
| ||||
|
| ||||
| Muy Buena/Buena | 55 (49.5-59) | 0.0001* | 56 (50-59) | 0.0001* |
| Regular | 53 (47-57) | 53 (46.5-57) | ||
| Mala/muy mala | 50 (43-56) | 50 (44-56) | ||
* Mann-Whitney’s test;
** Kruskal-Wallis’s test.
***Q1- cuartil 1 Q3- cuartil 3
Figura 2Gráfico de dispersión de puntajes test-re-test de la escala GOHAI Colombia.
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| This study was carried out because it was necessary to validate a scale of oral health related quality of life, GOHAI have been used in several Spanish speaking populations but for the Colombian population was not validated, this process of development would be useful in subsequent research, and also validate the results in terms of quality of oral life of the SABE Health, Welfare and Aging Survey |
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| The researchers carried out a study whit a psychometric strict methodology whit a big sample and a work and confirmatory databases, in order to have a tool to measure oral health related quality of life. It was found that the Colombian Version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index has appropriate validity and reliability and the researchers of Colombia could use it in future research on that field |
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| These findings means that Colombia has now an Oral Health Related Quality of Life scale validated for elderly population and also that the results of quality of life in the SABE Survey are completely. |
| Este estudio se realizó para validar la escala de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal. GOHAI se ha utilizado en varias poblaciones de habla hispana, pero para la población colombiana no ha sido validada. Este proceso de validación será útil en investigaciones posteriores. También validamos los resultados en términos de calidad de vida oral de la Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento de SABE |
| Los investigadores hicieron un estudio usando una metodología psicométrica estricta y una gran muestra utilizando bases de datos confirmatorias, para tener una herramienta que nos permita medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral. Se determinó que la versión colombiana de la escala de autopercepción de salud bucal tiene la validez y confiabilidad apropiadas, por lo que esta versión podrá ser usada en futuras investigaciones en ese campo |
| Los investigadores Colombianos podrán disponer de la escala de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral validada, para usarse con la población de adultos mayores |