| Literature DB >> 31607766 |
José M Ocampo-Chaparro1,2, Carlos A Reyes-Ortiz3,4, Ximena Castro-Flórez5,6, Fernando Gómez7.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia.Entities:
Keywords: Colombia; Frailty; SABE Colombia study; aged; aging; elderly; health surveys; social determinants of health; socioeconomic factors
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31607766 PMCID: PMC6774581 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i2.4121
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Distribution of social factors, health, and components of the frailty phenotype and differences by sex of the SABE Colombia study, 2015
| Total n= 4,474 | Men n= 1,862 | Women n= 2,612 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Mean± SD, or n (%) | Mean± SD, or n (%) | Mean± SD, or n (%) |
|
|
| ||||
| Age | 69.3 ± 6.9 | 69.6 ± 7.1 | 69.0 ± 6.9 | 0.0085 |
|
| ||||
| Indigenous | 315 (7.0) | 170 (9.1) | 145 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Black | 295 (6.6) | 138 (7.4) | 157 (6.0) | |
| Mulatto | 129 (2.9) | 64 (3.4) | 65 (2.5) | |
| White | 1422 (31.8) | 545 (29.3) | 877 (33.6) | |
| Mestizo | 1920 (42.9) | 808 (43.4) | 1112 (42.6) | |
| Other | 393 (8.8) | 137 (7.4) | 256 (9.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Childhood economic situation of poverty or famine. | 1549 (34.6) | 708 (38.0) | 841 (32.2) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic diseases (≥2) | 1724 (38.5) | 542 (29.1) | 1182 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| Marital status: single | 1954 (43.7) | 505 (27.1) | 1449 (55.5) | <0.0001 |
| Witness of intrafamily physical violence | 854 (19.1) | 339 (18.2) | 515 (19.7) | 0.2051 |
|
| ||||
| City | 3520 (78.7) | 1387 (74.5) | 2133 (81.6) | <0.0001 |
| Town | 266 (5.9) | 128 (6.9) | 138 (5.3) | |
| Rural | 688 (15.4) | 347 (18.6) | 341 (13.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Insufficient income | 3336 (74.6) | 1432 (76.9) | 1904 (72.9) | 0.0024 |
|
| ||||
| 0 | 823 (18.4) | 353 (18.9) | 470 (18.0) | 0.0999 |
| 1-5 | 2618 (58.5) | 1063 (57.1) | 1555 (59.5) | |
| 6-11 | 798 (17.8) | 332 (17.8) | 466 (17.9) | |
| 12+ | 235 (5.3) | 114 (6.2) | 121 (4.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Poor health or stay in bed >1 month | 918 (20.5) | 389 (20.9) | 529 (20.2) | 0.6020 |
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| Contributory | 2011 (44.9) | 806 (43.3) | 1205 (46.1) | 0.0021 |
| Subsidized | 2290 (51.2) | 970 (52.1) | 1320 (50.6) | |
| Not affiliated | 101 (2.3) | 59 (3.2) | 42 (1.6) | |
| Other | 72 (1.6) | 27 (1.4) | 45 (1.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Yes | 1069 (23.9) | 386 (20.7) | 683 (26.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 97 (2.2) | 54 (2.9) | 43 (1.7) | |
| Others (unknown or does not apply) | 3308 (73.9) | 1422 (76.4) | 1886 (72.2) | |
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| ||||
| BMI* (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 5.3 | <0.0001 |
| Walking speed (m/seg) | 0.73 ± 0.3 | 0.79 ± 0.3 | 0.69 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 21.9 ± 9.1 | 28.4 ± 8.6 | 21.9 ± 9.1 | <0.0001 |
| Chronic diseases (≥2) | 1724 (38.5) | 542 (29.1) | 1182 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||
| Without frailty (none component). | 840 (18.8) | 406 (21.8) | 434 (16.6) | <0.0001 |
| Pre-frail (1-2 components) | 2834 (63.3) | 1186 (63.7) | 1648 (63.1) | |
| Frail (presence of 3 or more components) | 800 (17.9) | 270 (14.5) | 530 (20.3) | |
* BMI: Body mass index.
% = Percentage.
SD = standard deviation.
Chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, and cancer.
p values were obtained by the Chi-square and the T-test and indicate differences between men and women.
Figure 1Prevalence of frailty phenotype components. * Differences between men and women, p values obtained with the Chi-square test.
Figure 2Prevalence of the number of components (from 0 to 5) of the frailty phenotype. * p-value obtained with the Chi-square test indicates a global difference between men and women through the components from 0 to 5.
Bivariate analysis, the study sociodemographic characteristics by disaggregation of the frailty categories, SABE Colombia 2015
| No-Frail, N=840 | Pre-Frail N=2,834 | Frail N=800 |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD, or percentage | Mean ± SD, or percentage | Mean ± SD, or percentage | ||
|
| ||||
| Age | 66.6 ± 5.4 | 69.1 ± 6.7 | 72.7 ± 7.9 | <.0001 |
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| Women | 51.7 | 58.1 | 66.2 | <0.0001 |
| Men | 48.3 | 41.9 | 33.8 | |
|
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| Indigenous | 17.8 | 63.2 | 19.0 | 0.0177 |
| Black | 18.6 | 63.4 | 18.0 | |
| Mulatto | 18.6 | 67.4 | 14.0 | |
| White | 17.7 | 62.9 | 19.4 | |
| Mestizo | 20.4 | 63.9 | 15.7 | |
| Other | 15.8 | 60.8 | 23.4 | |
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| ||||
|
| ||||
| No | 18.8 | 64.4 | 16.8 | 0.0229 |
| Yes | 18.7 | 61.3 | 20.0 | |
| 0-1 | 21.4 | 64.9 | 13.7 | <0.0001 |
| ≥2 | 14.7 | 60.8 | 24.5 | |
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| With couple | 20.3 | 64.3 | 15.4 | <0.0001 |
| Without couple | 16.8 | 62.1 | 21.1 | |
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| No | 18.3 | 63.7 | 18.0 | 0.2622 |
| Yes | 20.7 | 62.1 | 17.2 | |
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| City | 19.8 | 63.1 | 17.1 | 0.0023 |
| Town | 14.3 | 64.3 | 21.4 | |
| Rural | 15.0 | 64.4 | 20.6 | |
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| 0 | 15.2 | 19.0 | 19.8 | <0.0001 |
| 1-5 | 51.1 | 58.7 | 65.5 | |
| 6-11 | 24.2 | 17.4 | 12.6 | |
| 12+ | 9.5 | 4.9 | 2.1 | |
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| Sufficient | 20.6 | 63.9 | 15.5 | 0.0192 |
| Insufficient | 18.1 | 63.2 | 18.7 | |
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| No | 19.4 | 63.5 | 17.1 | 0.0063 |
| Si | 16.3 | 62.6 | 21.0 | |
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| Contributory | 21.6 | 62.6 | 15.8 | <0.0001 |
| Subsidized | 16.0 | 64.0 | 20.0 | |
| Not affiliated | 22.2 | 63.9 | 13.9 | |
| Other | 23.7 | 63.4 | 12.9 | |
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| Yes | 14.8 | 60.7 | 24.5 | <0.0001 |
| No | 19.6 | 59.8 | 20.6 | |
| Others (unknown or does not apply) | 20.0 | 64.3 | 15.7 | |
p-values were obtained by Chi-square and ANOVA test
Logistic and linear multiple regression of frailty prediction: SABE Colombia 2015
| Model 1, logistic regression | Modelo 2, lineal regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (CI 95%) |
|
|
| |
|
| ||||
| Age | 1.08 (1.07-1.09) | <0.0001 | 0.04 (0.00) 0.27 | <0.0001 |
| Women (vs Men) | 1.47 (1.22-1.76) | <0.0001 | 0.22 (0.03) 0.10 | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| Indigenous | 0.99 (0.71-1.37) | 0.9316 | 0.01 (0.06) 0.004 | 0.7994 |
| Black | 0.87 (0.61-1.23) | 0.4254 | -0.07 (0.06) -0.02 | 0.2933 |
| Mulatto | 0.71 (0.42-1.23) | 0.2224 | -0.08 (0.09) -0.01 | 0.3836 |
| White (reference) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Mestizo | 0.82 (0.68-0.99) | 0.0377 | -0.06 (0.03) -0.03 | 0.0651 |
| Other | 1.22 (0.92-1.63) | 0.1655 | 0.08 (0.06) 0.02 | 0.1346 |
|
| ||||
| Childhood economic situation of poverty or famine (yes vs. no) | 1.28 (1.08-1.53) | 0.0049 | 0.06 (0.03) 0.03 | 0.0516 |
| Chronic medical conditions ≥2 (vs 0-1) | 1.72 (1.45-2.03) | <0.0001 | 0.25 (0.03) 0.11 | <.0001 |
|
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| No partner (vs having a partner) | 1.12 (0.94-1.33) | 0.2000 | 0.04 (0.03) 0.02 | 0.2161 |
| Witness of intrafamily physical violence (yes vs. no) | 0.97 (0.79-1.21) | 0.8114 | -0.04 (0.03) -0.01 | 0.3134 |
|
| ||||
| City (reference) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Town | 1.45 (1.05-2.02) | 0.0257 | 0.15 (0.06) 0.03 | 0.0190 |
| Rural | 1.36 (1.08-1.71) | 0.0092 | 0.18 (0.04) 0.06 | <0.0001 |
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| 0 | 1.93 (1.11-3.34) | 0.0194 | 0.27 (0.07) 0.10 | 0.0003 |
| 1-5 | 2.16 (1.28-3.66) | 0.0041 | 0.31 (0.07) 0.14 | <0.0001 |
| 6-11 | 1.66 (0.96-2.89) | 0.0722 | 0.15 (0.07) 0.05 | 0.0438 |
| 12+ (reference) | 1.00 | |||
|
| ||||
| Insufficient income (vs. sufficient) | 1.24 (1.02-1.51) | 0.0298 | 0.09 (0.03) 0.04 | 0.0090 |
| Childhood health adversity: Poor health or stay in bed >1 month (yes vs. no) | 1.17 (0.97-1.43) | 0.1067 | 0.08 (0.04) 0.03 | 0.0393 |
|
| ||||
| Contributory (reference) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Subsidized | 1.22 (1.01-1.45) | 0.0334 | 0.10 (0.03) 0.05 | 0.0016 |
| Not affiliated | 0.89 (0.44-1.80) | 0.7407 | -0.02 (0.12) -0.002 | 0.8833 |
| Other | 1.14 (0.61-2.12) | 0.6769 | 0.02 (0.10) 0.003 | 0.8313 |
|
| ||||
| Yes (reference) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 1.02 (0.59-1.74) | 0.9540 | 0.07 (0.10) 0.01 | 0.4836 |
| Other (unknown or does not apply) | 0.59 (0.49-0.71) | <0.0001 | -0.21 (0.03) -0.08 | <0.0001 |
OR = odds ratios;
CI = Confidence interval;
B = non-standardized beta coefficient;
SE = Standard Error;
β = standardized beta coefficient. Model 1: The dependent variable is frail (code = 1) vs non- frail or pre- frail (code = 0); Model 2: the dependent variable is frailty, total score (0-5)
Distribución de factores sociales, en salud y componentes del fenotipo frágil y diferencias por sexo del estudio SABE Colombia, 2015
| Total n=4,474 | Hombres n=1,862 | Mujeres n=2,612 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Características | Media± DE, ó n (%) | Media± DE, ó n (%) | Media± DE, ó n (%) | Valor |
| Edad | 69.3 ± 6.9 | 69.6 ± 7.1 | 69.0 ± 6.9 | 0.0085 |
| Indígena | 315 (7.0) | 170 (9.1) | 145 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Negro | 295 (6.6) | 138 (7.4) | 157 (6.0) | |
| Mulata | 129 (2.9) | 64 (3.4) | 65 (2.5) | |
| Blanco | 1422 (31.8) | 545 (29.3) | 877 (33.6) | |
| Mestizo | 1920 (42.9) | 808 (43.4) | 1112 (42.6) | |
| Otro | 393 (8.8) | 137 (7.4) | 256 (9.8) | |
| Situación económica de pobreza o hambruna. | 1549 (34.6) | 708 (38.0) | 841 (32.2) | <0.0001 |
| Enfermedades crónicas (≥2) | 1724 (38.5) | 542 (29.1) | 1182 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
| Estado Civil: Sin pareja | 1954 (43.7) | 505 (27.1) | 1449 (55.5) | <0.0001 |
| Testigo de violencia física intrafamiliar | 854 (19.1) | 339 (18.2) | 515 (19.7) | 0.2051 |
| Ciudad | 3520 (78.7) | 1387 (74.5) | 2133 (81.6) | <0.0001 |
| Pueblo | 266 (5.9) | 128 (6.9) | 138 (5.3) | |
| Rural | 688 (15.4) | 347 (18.6) | 341 (13.1) | |
| Ingreso insuficiente | 3336 (74.6) | 1432 (76.9) | 1904 (72.9) | 0.0024 |
| 0 | 823 (18.4) | 353 (18.9) | 470 (18.0) | 0.0999 |
| 1-5 | 2618 (58.5) | 1063 (57.1) | 1555 (59.5) | |
| 6-11 | 798 (17.8) | 332 (17.8) | 466 (17.9) | |
| 12+ | 235 (5.3) | 114 (6.2) | 121 (4.6) | |
| Pobre salud o estadía en cama >1 mes | 918 (20.5) | 389 (20.9) | 529 (20.2) | 0.6020 |
| Contributivo | 2011 (44.9) | 806 (43.3) | 1205 (46.1) | 0.0021 |
| Subsidiado | 2290 (51.2) | 970 (52.1) | 1320 (50.6) | |
| No afiliado | 101 (2.3) | 59 (3.2) | 42 (1.6) | |
| Otro | 72 (1.6) | 27 (1.4) | 45 (1.7) | |
| Si | 1069 (23.9) | 386 (20.7) | 683 (26.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 97 (2.2) | 54 (2.9) | 43 (1.7) | |
| Otros ( desconocido o no aplica) | 3308 (73.9) | 1422 (76.4) | 1886 (72.2) | |
| IMC* (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 5.3 | <0.0001 |
| Velocidad de la marcha (m/seg) | 0.73 ± 0.3 | 0.79 ± 0.3 | 0.69 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Fuerza de agarre (kg) | 21.9 ± 9.1 | 28.4 ± 8.6 | 21.9 ± 9.1 | <0.0001 |
| Enfermedades crónicas (≥2) | 1724 (38.5) | 542 (29.1) | 1182 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
| Sin fragilidad (ningún componente). | 840 (18.8) | 406 (21.8) | 434 (16.6) | <0.0001 |
| Pre frágil (1-2 componentes) | 2834 (63.3) | 1186 (63.7) | 1648 (63.1) | |
| Frágil (presencia de 3 ó mas componentes) | 800 (17.9) | 270 (14.5) | 530 (20.3) | |
*IMC: Índice de masa corporal.
%= Porcentaje.
DE= desviación estándar.
Enfermedad crónica: Hipertensión, Diabetes Mellitus, Infarto agudo de miocardio, Enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica, Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, artritis y cáncer.
Valores p obtenidos por Chi- cuadrado y T-test e indican diferencias entre hombres y mujeres.
Figura 1Prevalencia de los componentes del fenotipo frágil. *Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, valores p obtenidos con la prueba de Chi-cuadrado.
Figura 2Prevalencia del número de componentes (de 0 a 5)del fenotipo frágil. * Valor p obtenido con la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, indica diferencia global entre hombres y mujeres a través de los componentes de 0 a 5.
Análisis bivariados, estudio de las características sociodemográficas con desagregación de las categorías de fragilidad, SABE Colombia 2015
| No Frágil, N=840 | Pre-Frágil N=2,834 | Frágil N=800 | Valor de p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediana ± DS, ó porcentaje | Mediana ± DS, ó porcentaje | Mediana ± DS, ó porcentaje | ||
| Edad | 66.6 ± 5.4 | 69.1 ± 6.7 | 72.7 ± 7.9 | <.0001 |
| Mujer | 51.7 | 58.1 | 66.2 | <0.0001 |
| Hombre | 48.3 | 41.9 | 33.8 | |
| Indígena | 17.8 | 63.2 | 19.0 | 0.0177 |
| Negro | 18.6 | 63.4 | 18.0 | |
| Mulato | 18.6 | 67.4 | 14.0 | |
| Blanco | 17.7 | 62.9 | 19.4 | |
| Mestizo | 20.4 | 63.9 | 15.7 | |
| Otro | 15.8 | 60.8 | 23.4 | |
| No | 18.8 | 64.4 | 16.8 | 0.0229 |
| Si | 18.7 | 61.3 | 20.0 | |
| 0-1 | 21.4 | 64.9 | 13.7 | <0.0001 |
| ≥2 | 14.7 | 60.8 | 24.5 | |
| Con Pareja | 20.3 | 64.3 | 15.4 | <0.0001 |
| Sin Pareja | 16.8 | 62.1 | 21.1 | |
| No | 18.3 | 63.7 | 18.0 | 0.2622 |
| Si | 20.7 | 62.1 | 17.2 | |
| Ciudad | 19.8 | 63.1 | 17.1 | 0.0023 |
| Pueblo | 14.3 | 64.3 | 21.4 | |
| Rural | 15.0 | 64.4 | 20.6 | |
| 0 | 15.2 | 19.0 | 19.8 | <0.0001 |
| 1-5 | 51.1 | 58.7 | 65.5 | |
| 6-11 | 24.2 | 17.4 | 12.6 | |
| 12+ | 9.5 | 4.9 | 2.1 | |
| Suficiente | 20.6 | 63.9 | 15.5 | 0.0192 |
| Insuficiente | 18.1 | 63.2 | 18.7 | |
| No | 19.4 | 63.5 | 17.1 | 0.0063 |
| Si | 16.3 | 62.6 | 21.0 | |
| Contributivo | 21.6 | 62.6 | 15.8 | <0.0001 |
| Subsidiado | 16.0 | 64.0 | 20.0 | |
| No afiliado | 22.2 | 63.9 | 13.9 | |
| Otro | 23.7 | 63.4 | 12.9 | |
| Si | 14.8 | 60.7 | 24.5 | <0.0001 |
| No | 19.6 | 59.8 | 20.6 | |
| Otros ( desconocido o no aplica) | 20.0 | 64.3 | 15.7 | |
Valores p obtenidos por Chi- cuadrado y Prueba ANOVA
Regresión múltiple logística y lineal de predicción de fragilidad: SABE Colombia 2015
| Modelo 1, Regresión logística | Modelo 2, Regresión lineal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (IC 95%) | Valor de p | p | ||
| Edad | 1.08 (1.07-1.09) | <0.0001 | 0.04 (0.00) 0.27 | <0.0001 |
| Mujer (vs Hombre) | 1.47 (1.22-1.76) | <0.0001 | 0.22 (0.03) 0.10 | <0.0001 |
| Indígena | 0.99 (0.71-1.37) | 0.9316 | 0.01 (0.06) 0.004 | 0.7994 |
| Negro | 0.87 (0.61-1.23) | 0.4254 | -0.07 (0.06) -0.02 | 0.2933 |
| Mulato | 0.71 (0.42-1.23) | 0.2224 | -0.08 (0.09) -0.01 | 0.3836 |
| Blanco (referencia) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Mestizo | 0.82 (0.68-0.99) | 0.0377 | -0.06 (0.03) -0.03 | 0.0651 |
| Otro | 1.22 (0.92-1.63) | 0.1655 | 0.08 (0.06) 0.02 | 0.1346 |
| Situación económica de pobreza en la infancia o haber pasado hambre (si vs. no) | 1.28 (1.08-1.53) | 0.0049 | 0.06 (0.03) 0.03 | 0.0516 |
| Condiciones médicas crónicas ≥2 (vs 0-1) | 1.72 (1.45-2.03) | <0.0001 | 0.25 (0.03) 0.11 | <.0001 |
| Sin compañero (vs tener compañero) | 1.12 (0.94-1.33) | 0.2000 | 0.04 (0.03) 0.02 | 0.2161 |
| Testigo de violencia física en la familia (si vs. no) | 0.97 (0.79-1.21) | 0.8114 | -0.04 (0.03) -0.01 | 0.3134 |
| Ciudad (referencia) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Pueblo | 1.45 (1.05-2.02) | 0.0257 | 0.15 (0.06) 0.03 | 0.0190 |
| Rural | 1.36 (1.08-1.71) | 0.0092 | 0.18 (0.04) 0.06 | <0.0001 |
| 0 | 1.93 (1.11-3.34) | 0.0194 | 0.27 (0.07) 0.10 | 0.0003 |
| 1-5 | 2.16 (1.28-3.66) | 0.0041 | 0.31 (0.07) 0.14 | <0.0001 |
| 6-11 | 1.66 (0.96-2.89) | 0.0722 | 0.15 (0.07) 0.05 | 0.0438 |
| 12+ (referencia) | 1.00 | |||
| Ingreso Insuficiente (vs. suficiente) | 1.24 (1.02-1.51) | 0.0298 | 0.09 (0.03) 0.04 | 0.0090 |
| Adversidad en Salud: pobre salud o estar en cama > 1 mes (si vs. no) | 1.17 (0.97-1.43) | 0.1067 | 0.08 (0.04) 0.03 | 0.0393 |
| Contributivo (referencia) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Subsidiado | 1.22 (1.01-1.45) | 0.0334 | 0.10 (0.03) 0.05 | 0.0016 |
| No afiliado | 0.89 (0.44-1.80) | 0.7407 | -0.02 (0.12) -0.002 | 0.8833 |
| Otro | 1.14 (0.61-2.12) | 0.6769 | 0.02 (0.10) 0.003 | 0.8313 |
| Si (referencia) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 1.02 (0.59-1.74) | 0.9540 | 0.07 (0.10) 0.01 | 0.4836 |
| Otro (desconocido no aplica) | 0.59 (0.49-0.71) | <0.0001 | -0.21 (0.03) -0.08 | <0.0001 |
OR=odds ratios;
IC=Intervalo de confianza;
B = coeficiente beta no-estandarizado;
EE= Error Estándar;
β = coeficiente beta estandarizado.
Modelo 1: La variable dependiente es fragilidad (código=1) vs No frágil o Pre-Frágil (código=0); Modelo 2: la variable dependiente es fragilidad, puntaje total (0-5)
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| Given that Colombia is a country with a great social inequality and heterogeneity in the population we find it necessary to evaluate the association between frailty in older adults with the social determinants of health |
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| A cross-sectional study, including older adults living in the urban and rural community of Colombia. The frailty syndrome has five components: weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss. Factors significantly associated with frailty were living in rural areas, having low education, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood |
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| Our results support the importance of taking into account socioeconomic and health conditions during early childhood as factors that influence the presentation of frailty as we age. |
| Dado que Colombia es un país con una gran desigualdad social y heterogeneidad en la población, consideramos necesario evaluar la asociación entre la fragilidad en adultos mayores con los determinantes sociales de la salud |
| Un estudio transversal, incluyendo adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad urbana y rural de Colombia. El síndrome de fragilidad tiene cinco componentes: debilidad, baja velocidad, baja actividad física, agotamiento y pérdida de peso. Los factores significativamente asociados con la fragilidad fueron vivir en áreas rurales, tener poca educación, ingresos corrientes insuficientes, problemas de salud infantil y una situación económica deficiente en la infancia |
| Nuestros resultados apoyan la importancia de tener en cuenta situaciones socioeconómicas y de salud durante la temprana infancia como factores que influyen en la presentación de fragilidad al envejecer |