| Literature DB >> 31607765 |
Carmen-Lucia Curcio1, Claudia Payán-Villamizar2, Abelardo Jiménez3,4, Fernando Gómez1.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the presence of abuse in elderly people in Colombia and its association with socio-demographic and functional conditions.Entities:
Keywords: Abuse; Colombia; aged; aging; caregivers; domestic violence; elder abuse; elderly; family; physical abuse; social class; socioeconomic factors; surveys and questionnaires
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31607765 PMCID: PMC6774576 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i2.4013
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Distribution of abuse according to socio-demographic and functional characteristics of the elderly in Colombia.
| Variables (%) | Psychological abuse N | Physical abuse N | Sexual abuse N | Economic abuse N | Neglect N | Any form of abuse N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Men | 11.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 13.6 |
| Women | 14.2 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 8.6 | 16.4 |
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| 60-69 | 14.9 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 9.2 | 17.1 |
| 70-79 | 12.7 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.9 | 15.0 |
| 80+ | 6.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 4.7 | 7.0 |
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| < 5 years | 12.5 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 14.7 |
| > 5 years | 14.4 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 8.8 | 16.1 |
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| Low: 1 y 2 | 13.7 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 9.1 | 16.0 |
| Middle: 3 a 6 | 11.8 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 7.3 | 13.4 |
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| Urban | 13.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 9.4 | 15.3 |
| Rural | 12.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 8.2 | 14.6 |
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| Atlantic | 9.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 6.0 | 10.9 |
| Central | 11.6 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 13.8 |
| Pacific | 14.0 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 11.3 | 16.5 |
| East | 13.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 15.6 |
| Orinoquia-Amazonia++ | 19.8 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 9.3 | 20.7 | 32.3 |
| Bogotá | 17.2 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 10.9 | 19.0 |
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| Alone | 12.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 18.2 | 23.0 |
| Partner | 13.2 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 9.6 | 15.3 |
| Children | 13.9 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 10.3 | 16.0 |
| Grandchildren | 13.8 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 9.0 | 15.7 |
| Relatives/siblings | 13.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.5 | 15.2 |
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| Dependence on ADL* | 14.8 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 10.5 | 16.7 |
| Dependence on IADL** | 11.0 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 13.4 |
| Total | 13.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.5 | 15.1 |
+ Weighted sample size
++ Estimation error for this region is greater than the designed for sampling
* ADL: Basic activities of daily living
**IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living
Prevalence ratios of abuse in older adults, adjusted by covariates.
| Variable | Number of abuse cases | |
|---|---|---|
| PRs | 95% CI | |
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| Women | 1.13 | 1.13-1.14 |
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| Bogotá | 0.69 | 0.68- 0.70 |
| Pacific | 0.59 | 0.58-0.60 |
| East | 0.51 | 0.51-0.52 |
| Central | 0.46 | 0.45-0.46 |
| Atlantic | 0.37 | 0.36-0.37 |
| Orinoquia-Amazonia | Ref | |
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| Urban | 1.06 | 1.05-1.06 |
| Stratum | ||
| Low (1 and 2) | 1.30 | 1.29-1.30 |
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| Alone | 0.47 | 0.47- 0.47 |
| Partner | 0.97 | 0.96 - 0.97 |
| Children | 0.97 | 0.97-0.98 |
| Grandchildren | 0.94 | 0.94 - 0.95 |
| Relatives/siblings | 0.82 | 0.81-0.82 |
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| Dependence on ADL* | 1.53 | 1.53-1.54 |
| Dependence on IADL** | 1.31 | 1.30-1.32 |
PRs, estimated prevalence ratios; models adjusted by region, area and dependence on ADL and ADL, living arrangements: partner, children, grandchildren, relatives/siblings and friends.
* ADL: Basic activities of daily living
**IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living
Distribución del maltrato según características sociodemográficas y funcionales de las personas mayores en Colombia.
| Variables (%) | Maltrato Psicológico N | Maltrato Físico N | Maltrato Sexual N | Maltrato Económico N | Negligencia N | Con algún tipo de maltrato N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hombres | 11.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 13.6 |
| Mujeres | 14.2 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 8.6 | 16.4 |
| 60-69 | 14.9 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 9.2 | 17.1 |
| 70-79 | 12.7 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.9 | 15.0 |
| 80+ | 6.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 4.7 | 7.0 |
| < 5 años | 12.5 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 14.7 |
| > 5 años | 14.4 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 8.8 | 16.1 |
| Bajo: 1 y 2 | 13.7 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 9.1 | 16.0 |
| Medio: 3 a 6 | 11.8 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 7.3 | 13.4 |
| Urbana | 13.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 9.4 | 15.3 |
| Rural | 12.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 8.2 | 14.6 |
| Atlántica | 9.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 6.0 | 10.9 |
| Central | 11.6 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 13.8 |
| Pacifica | 14.0 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 11.3 | 16.5 |
| Oriental | 13.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 15.6 |
| Orinoquia-amazonia++ | 19.8 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 9.3 | 20.7 | 32.3 |
| Bogotá | 17.2 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 10.9 | 19.0 |
| Solo | 12.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 18.2 | 23.0 |
| Cónyuge | 13.2 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 9.6 | 15.3 |
| Hijos | 13.9 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 10.3 | 16.0 |
| Nietos | 13.8 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 9.0 | 15.7 |
| Parientes/hermanos | 13.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.5 | 15.2 |
| Dependencia en ABVD* | 14.8 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 10.5 | 16.7 |
| Dependencia en AIVD** | 11.0 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 13.4 |
| Total | 13.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.5 | 15.1 |
+ Tamaño de muestra ponderado
++ El error de estimación para esta región es mayor al diseñado para el muestreo
* ABVD: Actividades básicas de la vida diaria
**AIVD: Actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria
Razones de Prevalencia del maltrato en adultos mayores, ajustadas por covariables.
| Variable | Numero de maltratos | |
|---|---|---|
| RP | IC 95% | |
| Mujeres | 1.13 | 1.13-1.14 |
| Bogotá | 0.69 | 0.68- 0.70 |
| Pacifica | 0.59 | 0.58-0.60 |
| Oriental | 0.51 | 0.51-0.52 |
| Central | 0.46 | 0.45-0.46 |
| Atlántica | 0.37 | 0.36-0.37 |
| Orinoquia-amazonia | ref | |
| Urbana | 1.06 | 1.05-1.06 |
| Bajo (1 y 2) | 1.30 | 1.29-1.30 |
| Solo | 0.47 | 0.47- 0.47 |
| Cónyuge | 0.97 | 0.96 - 0.97 |
| Hijos | 0.97 | 0.97-0.98 |
| Nietos | 0.94 | 0.94 - 0.95 |
| Parientes/hermanos | 0.82 | 0.81-0.82 |
| Dependencia en ABVD* | 1.53 | 1.53-1.54 |
| Dependencia en AIVD** | 1.31 | 1.30-1.32 |
RP, razones de prevalencia estimadas; Modelo ajustados por región, zona y dependencia en ABVD y AIVD, convivientes: cónyuge, hijos, nietos, parientes/hermanos y amigos.
* ABVD: Actividades básicas de la vida diaria
**AIVD: Actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria
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| The study of abuse is a global public health priority, which has been neglected, especially in comparison with other types of violence. Since older adults abuse is a social problem, it also has general long-term effects on society. However, these effects are poorly understood, not well documented, and not always easily detected. Elderly abuse poses a challenge to the region, given the accelerated ageing of its population, the strong influence of the family as a social support in old age, and the negative impact on health. In Colombia, the frequency, types and factors associated with elder abuse in a national sample are little known. |
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| In a representative sample of older adults in Colombia, the prevalence of abuse in this study is 15.1%; and over 50% report more than one type of abuse. The most frequent type of abuse was psychological, followed by neglect, physical, economic and sexual abuse. Being a woman, the dependence on daily living activities, living in urban areas and belonging to the lower socioeconomic strata increases the likelihood of some form of abuse. |
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| The high rates of abuse in elderly suggest that increased attention to this problem is justified, including investment in development and assessment of elder abuse interventions, in order to help reduce the spread and effect of elder abuse. Preventing mistreatment of older adults involves actions aimed at reducing risk situations for older people, their family and friends, promoting positive attitudes toward older people, and raising awareness. In particular, it involves actions to inform and educate the general public about the risk factors for mistreatment, and about best practices for reducing the risk that such situations may arise. |
| El estudio del maltrato es una prioridad mundial de salud pública descuidada, especialmente en comparación con otros tipos de violencia. Dado que el maltrato de adultos mayores es un problema social, también tiene efectos generales a largo plazo en la sociedad. Sin embargo, estos efectos no se entienden bien, no están bien documentados y no siempre son fáciles de detectar. El maltrato a las personas mayores plantea un desafío para la región dado el envejecimiento acelerado de su población, la gran influencia de la familia como apoyo social en la vejez, y las consecuencias negativas en la salud. En Colombia, la frecuencia, los tipos y los factores asociados con el maltrato de adultos mayores en una muestra nacional son poco conocidos. |
| En una muestra representativa de adultos mayores en Colombia, la prevalencia de maltrato en este estudio es 15.1% y más de la mitad reporta más de un tipo de maltrato. El tipo de maltrato más frecuente fue el psicológico, seguido de negligencia, maltrato físico, económico y sexual (0.2%). Ser mujer, la dependencia en actividades de la vida diaria, vivir en zona urbana y pertenecer a estratos bajos incrementa la probabilidad de sufrir algún tipo de maltrato. |
| Las elevadas tasas de maltrato sugieren que se justifica prestar más atención a este problema, incluida la inversión en el desarrollo y la evaluación de las intervenciones para ayudar a reducir la propagación y el efecto del maltrato de las personas de edad. Prevenir el maltrato de adultos mayores implica acciones destinadas a reducir las situaciones de riesgo para las personas mayores y sus familiares y amigos, promover actitudes positivas hacia las personas mayores y aumentar la concientización. En particular, implica acciones para informar y educar al público en general sobre los factores de riesgo de malos tratos y sobre las mejores prácticas para reducir el riesgo de que se presente. |