Long-Term Clinical and Neuronuclear Imaging Sequelae of Cancer Therapy, Trauma, and Brain Injury.

Neuronuclear imaging has been used for several decades in the study of primary neurodegenerative conditions, such as dementia and parkinsonian syndromes, both for research and for clinical purposes. There has been a relative paucity of applications of neuronuclear imaging to evaluate nonneurodegenerative conditions that can also have long-term effects on cognition and function. This article summarizes clinical and imaging aspects of 3 such conditions that have garnered considerable attention in recent years: cancer- and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, posttraumatic stress disorder, and traumatic brain injury. Further, we describe current research using neuroimaging tools aimed to better understand the relationships between the clinical presentations and brain structure and function in these conditions.