Hibbah Araba Osei-Kwasi1, Daniel Boateng2, Ina Danquah3, Michelle Holdsworth4, Caroline Mejean5, Laura Terragni6, Katie Powell7, Matthias B Schulze8, Ellis Owusu-Dabo9, Karlijn Meeks10, Erik Beune10, Charles Agyemang10, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch11, Karien Stronks10, Cecilia Galbete3, Mary Nicolaou10. 1. Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Tower Building, United Kingdom. Electronic address: h.a.osei-kwasi@sheffield.ac.uk. 2. Julius, Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. 3. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany. 4. Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Institute of Research for Development, UMR Nutripass IRD, UM, SupAgro, Montpellier, France. 5. MOISA, University of Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France. 6. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. 7. Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. 8. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany. 9. Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana. 10. Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 11. Julius, Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of migration and acculturation in the diet of Ghanaian migrants in Europe by (1) comparing food intake of Ghanaian migrants in Europe with that of Ghanaians living in Ghana and (2) assessing the association between acculturation and food intake. DESIGN: Data from the cross-sectional multicenter study Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants were used. Food intake was assessed using a Ghana-specific food propensity questionnaire (134 items and 14 food groups); foods were grouped based on a model of dietary change proposed by Koctürk-Runefors. SETTING: Ghana, London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4,534 Ghanaian adults living in Ghana and Europe, with complete dietary data. Of these, 1,773 Ghanaian migrants had complete acculturation data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Food intake (the weighted intake frequency per week of food categories). ANALYSIS: Linear regression. RESULTS: Food intake differed between Ghanaians living in Ghana and Europe. Among Ghanaian migrants in Europe, there were inconsistent and small associations between acculturation and food intake, except for ethnic identity, which was consistently associated with intake only of traditional staples. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings indicate that migration is associated with dietary changes that cannot be fully explained by ethnic, cultural, and social acculturation. The study provides limited support to the differential changes in diet suggested by the Koctürk-Runefors' model of dietary change.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of migration and acculturation in the diet of Ghanaian migrants in Europe by (1) comparing food intake of Ghanaian migrants in Europe with that of Ghanaians living in Ghana and (2) assessing the association between acculturation and food intake. DESIGN: Data from the cross-sectional multicenter study Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants were used. Food intake was assessed using a Ghana-specific food propensity questionnaire (134 items and 14 food groups); foods were grouped based on a model of dietary change proposed by Koctürk-Runefors. SETTING: Ghana, London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4,534 Ghanaian adults living in Ghana and Europe, with complete dietary data. Of these, 1,773 Ghanaian migrants had complete acculturation data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Food intake (the weighted intake frequency per week of food categories). ANALYSIS: Linear regression. RESULTS: Food intake differed between Ghanaians living in Ghana and Europe. Among Ghanaian migrants in Europe, there were inconsistent and small associations between acculturation and food intake, except for ethnic identity, which was consistently associated with intake only of traditional staples. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings indicate that migration is associated with dietary changes that cannot be fully explained by ethnic, cultural, and social acculturation. The study provides limited support to the differential changes in diet suggested by the Koctürk-Runefors' model of dietary change.
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