Frederick C Morgan1, Emily Stamell Ruiz1, Pritesh S Karia2, Robert J Besaw1, Victor A Neel3, Chrysalyne D Schmults4. 1. Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 4. Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: cschmults@bwh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) recurrence and metastatic rates are known to be very low. The risk factors for these rare outcomes are subsequently not well studied. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors independently associated with local recurrence (LR) and metastasis and/or death (M/D) in large (≥2 cm) BCC. METHODS: BCCs histologically confirmed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively screened for tumor diameter at 2 academic centers. Medical records of all large BCCs and an equal number of randomly selected small BCCs were reviewed for LR and M/D. RESULTS: Included were 248 large BCC and 248 small BCC tumors. Large BCCs had a significantly higher risk of LR and M/D than small BCCs (LR: 8.9% vs 0.8%, P < .001; M/D: 6.5% vs. 0%, P < .001). Because the risks were so low in small BCCs, they were excluded from further analysis. On multivariable logistic regression, head/neck location (odds ratio [OR], 9.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-31.3) and depth beyond fat (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-9.6) were associated with LR in large BCCs. Risk of LR was lower with Mohs micrographic surgery (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.5). Head/neck location (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.2-23.2), tumor diameter ≥4 cm (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 2.4-59.4), and depth beyond fat (OR, 28.6; 95% CI, 6.7-121) were significant predictors of M/D in large BCCs. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective cohort design. CONCLUSIONS: Large BCCs, particularly those with additional risk factors, have a high enough risk of recurrence and metastasis to warrant further investigation to optimize management.
BACKGROUND:Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) recurrence and metastatic rates are known to be very low. The risk factors for these rare outcomes are subsequently not well studied. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors independently associated with local recurrence (LR) and metastasis and/or death (M/D) in large (≥2 cm) BCC. METHODS: BCCs histologically confirmed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively screened for tumor diameter at 2 academic centers. Medical records of all large BCCs and an equal number of randomly selected small BCCs were reviewed for LR and M/D. RESULTS: Included were 248 large BCC and 248 small BCC tumors. Large BCCs had a significantly higher risk of LR and M/D than small BCCs (LR: 8.9% vs 0.8%, P < .001; M/D: 6.5% vs. 0%, P < .001). Because the risks were so low in small BCCs, they were excluded from further analysis. On multivariable logistic regression, head/neck location (odds ratio [OR], 9.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-31.3) and depth beyond fat (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-9.6) were associated with LR in large BCCs. Risk of LR was lower with Mohs micrographic surgery (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.5). Head/neck location (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.2-23.2), tumor diameter ≥4 cm (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 2.4-59.4), and depth beyond fat (OR, 28.6; 95% CI, 6.7-121) were significant predictors of M/D in large BCCs. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective cohort design. CONCLUSIONS: Large BCCs, particularly those with additional risk factors, have a high enough risk of recurrence and metastasis to warrant further investigation to optimize management.
Authors: Ann W Silk; Christopher A Barker; Shailender Bhatia; Kathryn B Bollin; Sunandana Chandra; Zeynep Eroglu; Brian R Gastman; Kari L Kendra; Harriet Kluger; Evan J Lipson; Kathleen Madden; David M Miller; Paul Nghiem; Anna C Pavlick; Igor Puzanov; Guilherme Rabinowits; Emily S Ruiz; Vernon K Sondak; Edward A Tavss; Michael T Tetzlaff; Isaac Brownell Journal: J Immunother Cancer Date: 2022-07 Impact factor: 12.469
Authors: Abdulkarim Hasan; Ahmed Rabie; Mohammed Elhussiny; Mohamed Nasr; Mohamed I Kamel; Ahmed Hegab; Abdelrahman S El-Kady; Mahmoud E Nagaty; Abdelhafez Seleem; Mohammed Abbas; Abd Al-Kareem Elias; Gamal G Shemy; Ahmed Abu Elsoud; Asmaa A Dahy; Ayman Abdulmohaymen; Ahmed Youssef; Ayman Abdelmaksoud Journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) Date: 2022-05-26