Arkadiusz Niklas1, Justyna Marcinkowska2, Magdalena Kozela3, Andrzej Pająk3, Tomasz Zdrojewski4, Wojciech Drygas5, Aleksandra Piwońska6, Magdalena Kwaśniewska7, Krystyna Kozakiewicz8, Andrzej Tykarski9. 1. Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Disease, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland. aniklas@mp.pl 2. Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland 3. Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland 4. Department of Arterial Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland 5. Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland 6. Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland 7. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland 8. 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland 9. Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Disease, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Persons with multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a greater risk than persons exposed to a single risk factor. Control of specific risk factors of CVD in Poland is rather poor. Effective control of comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia seems especially challenging. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in patients with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; data from the Polish multicenter national health survey, WOBASZ II, were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The WOBASZ II study was a cross‑sectional survey conducted from 2013 to 2014 in 6170 people (3410 women and 2760 men) from all 16 Polish voivodships. RESULTS: Age‑standardized prevalence of coexisting hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in WOBASZ II sample was 34.6%. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants with hypertension was 69.7%. Age‑standardized rates of control of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the entire analyzed age range of 19 to 99 years was 24.3%, 11.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, control of both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.34-0.76), cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.70-2.97), frequent medical visits (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.33-2.32), and high education level (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.80). CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were observed in one‑third of the Polish population (included in WOBASZ II study). Only 5.4% have both risk factors controlled. After adjustment for covariates, female sex, nonsmoking, comorbid CVD or diabetes, the frequency of medical visits, and high level of education appeared to increase the proportion of controlled hypertension or hypercholesterolemia.
INTRODUCTION:Persons with multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a greater risk than persons exposed to a single risk factor. Control of specific risk factors of CVD in Poland is rather poor. Effective control of comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia seems especially challenging. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in patients with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; data from the Polish multicenter national health survey, WOBASZ II, were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The WOBASZ II study was a cross‑sectional survey conducted from 2013 to 2014 in 6170 people (3410 women and 2760 men) from all 16 Polish voivodships. RESULTS: Age‑standardized prevalence of coexisting hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in WOBASZ II sample was 34.6%. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants with hypertension was 69.7%. Age‑standardized rates of control of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the entire analyzed age range of 19 to 99 years was 24.3%, 11.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, control of both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.34-0.76), cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.70-2.97), frequent medical visits (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.33-2.32), and high education level (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.80). CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were observed in one‑third of the Polish population (included in WOBASZ II study). Only 5.4% have both risk factors controlled. After adjustment for covariates, female sex, nonsmoking, comorbid CVD or diabetes, the frequency of medical visits, and high level of education appeared to increase the proportion of controlled hypertension or hypercholesterolemia.
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