Patient and family engagement as a potential approach for improving patient safety: A systematic review.

AIMS: To obtain a comprehensive insight of the impact of patient and family engagement on patient safety and identify issues in implementing this approach.
BACKGROUND: Patient and family engagement is increasingly emerging as a potential approach for improving patient safety.
DESIGN: Mixed method multilevel synthesis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrance Library (January 2009-April 2018). REVIEW
METHODS: The review was conducted according to the principles recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review and in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Forty-two relevant studies were identified. Common intervention groups included 'direct care' and 'organization' levels with 'consultation' and 'involvement' approaches, while the 'health system' level and 'partnership and shared leadership' approaches were rarely implemented. Findings revealed positive effects of the interventions on patient safety. Most study participants expressed their willingness to engage in or support patient and family engagement. However, existing gaps and barriers in implementing patient and family engagement were identified.
CONCLUSION: Future research should further focus on issuing consensus guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in patient safety, extending the research scope for all aspects of patient and family engagement and patient safety and identifying priority areas for action that is suitable for each health facility. IMPACT: Policymakers should issue guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in healthcare systems which would enable healthcare providers to implement patient and family engagement and improve patient safety appropriately and effectively.