BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses must utilize host factors to complete their lifecycle. Species-specific differences in host factors between birds and mammals mean that avian influenza viruses (AIVs) replicate well in avian hosts but not in human hosts. Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) has been identified as the host restriction factor for the viral polymerase (vPol) activity of AIVs. The ANP32A belongs to the conserved ANP32 family, the functional roles of which during viral replication remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we targeted chicken ANP32A using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome editing to examine the functional roles of ANP32A and other members of the ANP32 family. RESULTS: We showed that chicken ANP32A only, not ANP32B and ANP32E, plays a pivotal role in supporting vPol activity of AIVs. Furthermore, we found that the human ANP32C, ANP32D, and ANP32E have suppressive effects on vPol activity in contrast to human ANP32A and ANP32B. CONCLUSIONS: Chicken and human ANP32 family members had different effects on vPol activity, suggesting that species-specific vPol activity of AIVs could be caused by the differential functions and overall competency of ANP32 family members.
BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses must utilize host factors to complete their lifecycle. Species-specific differences in host factors between birds and mammals mean that avian influenza viruses (AIVs) replicate well in avian hosts but not in human hosts. Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) has been identified as the host restriction factor for the viral polymerase (vPol) activity of AIVs. The ANP32A belongs to the conserved ANP32 family, the functional roles of which during viral replication remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we targeted chickenANP32A using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome editing to examine the functional roles of ANP32A and other members of the ANP32 family. RESULTS: We showed that chickenANP32A only, not ANP32B and ANP32E, plays a pivotal role in supporting vPol activity of AIVs. Furthermore, we found that the human ANP32C, ANP32D, and ANP32E have suppressive effects on vPol activity in contrast to humanANP32A and ANP32B. CONCLUSIONS:Chicken and human ANP32 family members had different effects on vPol activity, suggesting that species-specific vPol activity of AIVs could be caused by the differential functions and overall competency of ANP32 family members.
Authors: Su Bin Lee; Young Hyun Park; Kelly Chungu; Seung Je Woo; Soo Taek Han; Hee Jung Choi; Deivendran Rengaraj; Jae Yong Han Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-04-30 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Kelly Chungu; Young Hyun Park; Seung Je Woo; Su Bin Lee; Deivendran Rengaraj; Hong Jo Lee; Jae Yong Han Journal: BMC Biotechnol Date: 2021-01-07 Impact factor: 2.563
Authors: Thomas P Peacock; Olivia C Swann; Hamish A Salvesen; Ecco Staller; P Brian Leung; Daniel H Goldhill; Hongbo Zhou; Simon G Lillico; C Bruce A Whitelaw; Jason S Long; Wendy S Barclay Journal: J Virol Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 5.103