Andreas Christe1, Laura Walti2, Jaled Charimo1, Andri Rauch2, Hansjakob Furrer2, Andreas Meyer3, Uyen Huynh-Do3, Johannes T Heverhagen4, Nicolas J Mueller5, Matthias Cavassini6, Matteo Mombelli6, Christian van Delden7, Thomas Frauenfelder8, Xavier Montet9, Catherine Beigelman-Aubry10, Spyridon Arampatzis11, Lukas Ebner3. 1. Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. 3. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. 4. Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. 5. Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. 6. Infectious Disease Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland. 8. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. 9. Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland. 10. Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. 11. Department of Hypertension, Nephrology and Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital and University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate differences in chest computed tomography (CT) and chest radiographs (CXRs) of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) between renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. METHODS: From 2005 to 2012, 84 patients with PJP (RTR n = 24; HIV n = 60) were included in this retrospective multicentre study. Written informed consent was obtained. CT scans and CXRs were recorded within 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. PJP diagnosis was confirmed either by cytology/histology or successful empirical treatment. Two blinded radiologists analysed the conventional chest films and CT images, and recorded the radiological lung parenchyma patterns, lymph node enlargement and pleural pathologies (pneumothorax, effusion). The radiological features of the two subgroups were compared. RESULTS: Consolidations and solid nodules prevailed on CT in RTRs (91.7 ± 5.6% vs 58.3 ± 6.4% with HIV, p = 0.019 and 91.7 ± 5.6% vs 51.6 ± 6.5% with HIV, p = 0.005). HIV-positive patients with PJP showed more atelectasis (41.7 ± 6.4% vs 4.2 ± 4.1% in RTRs, p = 0.017) and hilar lymph node enlargement (23.3 ± 5.5% vs 0.0 ± 0.0% in RTRs, p = 0.088). Ground glass opacification was found in all cases. Pneumothorax was a rare complication, occurring in 3% of the HIV-positive patients; no pneumothorax was found in the RTRs. On CXR, the basal lungs were more affected in HIV-positive patients as compared with RTRs (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: PJP on CT differs substantially between RTRs and HIV-positive patients. Physicians should be aware of such differences in order not to delay treatment, particularly in renal transplant recipients.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate differences in chest computed tomography (CT) and chest radiographs (CXRs) of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) between renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positivepatients. METHODS: From 2005 to 2012, 84 patients with PJP (RTR n = 24; HIV n = 60) were included in this retrospective multicentre study. Written informed consent was obtained. CT scans and CXRs were recorded within 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. PJP diagnosis was confirmed either by cytology/histology or successful empirical treatment. Two blinded radiologists analysed the conventional chest films and CT images, and recorded the radiological lung parenchyma patterns, lymph node enlargement and pleural pathologies (pneumothorax, effusion). The radiological features of the two subgroups were compared. RESULTS: Consolidations and solid nodules prevailed on CT in RTRs (91.7 ± 5.6% vs 58.3 ± 6.4% with HIV, p = 0.019 and 91.7 ± 5.6% vs 51.6 ± 6.5% with HIV, p = 0.005). HIV-positive patients with PJP showed more atelectasis (41.7 ± 6.4% vs 4.2 ± 4.1% in RTRs, p = 0.017) and hilar lymph node enlargement (23.3 ± 5.5% vs 0.0 ± 0.0% in RTRs, p = 0.088). Ground glass opacification was found in all cases. Pneumothorax was a rare complication, occurring in 3% of the HIV-positive patients; no pneumothorax was found in the RTRs. On CXR, the basal lungs were more affected in HIV-positive patients as compared with RTRs (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS:PJP on CT differs substantially between RTRs and HIV-positive patients. Physicians should be aware of such differences in order not to delay treatment, particularly in renal transplant recipients.
Authors: Joseph Donovan; Ursula K Rohlwink; Elizabeth W Tucker; Nguyen Thi Thu Hiep; Guy E Thwaites; Anthony A Figaji Journal: Wellcome Open Res Date: 2019-10-31
Authors: Andreas M J Meyer; Daniel Sidler; Cédric Hirzel; Hansjakob Furrer; Lukas Ebner; Alan A Peters; Andreas Christe; Uyen Huynh-Do; Laura N Walti; Spyridon Arampatzis Journal: J Fungi (Basel) Date: 2021-12-13