Anna Lechner1, Merve Akdeniz2, Tsenka Tomova-Simitchieva3, Thomas Bobbert4, Alain Moga5, Nadège Lachmann6, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi7, Jan Kottner8. 1. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: anna.lechner@charite.de. 2. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: merve.akdeniz@charite.de. 3. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: tsenka.tomova-simitchieva@charite.de. 4. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.bobbert@charite.de. 5. Synelvia SAS, Labège, France. Electronic address: alain.moga@synelvia.com. 6. Galderma S.A., La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland. Electronic address: Nadege.LACHMANN@galderma.com. 7. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: ulrike.blume-peytavi@charite.de. 8. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: jan.kottner@charite.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Xerosis cutis of the feet is one of the most common skin conditions among type 2 diabetics. Whether skin dryness among diabetic patients is different from 'general' skin dryness is unclear. The overall aim was to compare the structure, function and molecular markers of dry and cracked foot skin between diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS: The foot skin of 40 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics was evaluated. A clinical assessment of skin dryness was performed and transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, epidermal thickness, skin roughness, elasticity and structural stiffness were measured. Ceramides, natural moisturizing factors, histamines, proteins and molecular markers of oxidative stress were analyzed based on a non-invasive sampling method for collection of surface biomarkers. RESULTS: The mean number of superficial fissures in the diabetic group was nearly three times higher than in the non-diabetic group (11.0 (SD 6.2) vs. 3.9 (SD 4.2)). The skin stiffness was higher in the diabetic group and the values of almost all molecular markers showed considerably higher values compared to non-diabetics. Malondialdehyde and glutathione were lower in the diabetic sample. CONCLUSIONS: The high number of superficial fissures may be based on an increased stiffness of dry diabetic foot skin combined with different concentrations of molecular markers in the stratum corneum compared to dry foot skin of non-diabetics.
BACKGROUND:Xerosis cutis of the feet is one of the most common skin conditions among type 2 diabetics. Whether skin dryness among diabeticpatients is different from 'general' skin dryness is unclear. The overall aim was to compare the structure, function and molecular markers of dry and cracked foot skin between diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS: The foot skin of 40 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics was evaluated. A clinical assessment of skin dryness was performed and transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, epidermal thickness, skin roughness, elasticity and structural stiffness were measured. Ceramides, natural moisturizing factors, histamines, proteins and molecular markers of oxidative stress were analyzed based on a non-invasive sampling method for collection of surface biomarkers. RESULTS: The mean number of superficial fissures in the diabetic group was nearly three times higher than in the non-diabetic group (11.0 (SD 6.2) vs. 3.9 (SD 4.2)). The skin stiffness was higher in the diabetic group and the values of almost all molecular markers showed considerably higher values compared to non-diabetics. Malondialdehyde and glutathione were lower in the diabetic sample. CONCLUSIONS: The high number of superficial fissures may be based on an increased stiffness of dry diabetic foot skin combined with different concentrations of molecular markers in the stratum corneum compared to dry foot skin of non-diabetics.
Authors: Raúl Juan Molines-Barroso; Yolanda García-Álvarez; José Luis García-Klepzig; Esther García-Morales; Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso; José Luis Lázaro-Martínez Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-03-14 Impact factor: 4.241