Silvia Schönenberger1, Pia Löwhagen Hendén2, Claus Z Simonsen3, Lorenz Uhlmann4, Christina Klose4, Johannes A R Pfaff5, Albert J Yoo6, Leif H Sørensen7, Peter A Ringleb1, Wolfgang Wick1,8, Meinhard Kieser4, Markus A Möhlenbruch5, Mads Rasmussen9, Alexandros Rentzos10, Julian Bösel11. 1. Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. 3. Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 4. Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 5. Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. 6. Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Service, Texas Stroke Institute, Fort Worth. 7. Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 8. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. 9. Department of Anesthesia, Section of Neuroanesthesia, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 10. Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. 11. Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: General anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with poor neurological outcome in nonrandomized studies. Three single-center randomized trials reported no significantly different or improved outcomes for patients who received general anesthesia compared with procedural sedation. OBJECTIVE: To detect differences in functional outcome at 3 months between patients who received general anesthesia vs procedural sedation during thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search for English-language articles published from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2019. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials of adults with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of at least 10 and anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke assigned to receive general anesthesia or procedural sedation during thrombectomy. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Individual patient data were obtained from 3 single-center, randomized, parallel-group, open-label treatment trials with blinded end point evaluation that met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Degree of disability, measured via the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range 0-6; lower scores indicate less disability), analyzed with the common odds ratio (cOR) to detect the ordinal shift in the distribution of disability over the range of mRS scores. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients (mean [SD] age, 71.5 [12.9] years; 163 [44.3%] women; median [interquartile range] National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 [14-21]) were included in the analysis, including 183 (49.7%) who received general anesthesia and 185 (50.3%) who received procedural sedation. The mean 3-month mRS score was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.5-3.1) in the general anesthesia group vs 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.5) in the procedural sedation group (difference, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.03-0.83]; cOR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.09-2.29]; P = .02). Among prespecified adverse events, only hypotension (decline in systolic blood pressure of more than 20% from baseline) (80.8% vs 53.1%; OR, 4.26 [95% CI, 2.55-7.09]; P < .001) and blood pressure variability (systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or <120 mm Hg) (79.7 vs 62.3%; OR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.49-3.93]; P < .001) were significantly more common in the general anesthesia group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation undergoing thrombectomy, the use of protocol-based general anesthesia, compared with procedural sedation, was significantly associated with less disability at 3 months. These findings should be interpreted tentatively, given that the individual trials examined were single-center trials and disability was the primary outcome in only 1 trial.
IMPORTANCE: General anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with poor neurological outcome in nonrandomized studies. Three single-center randomized trials reported no significantly different or improved outcomes for patients who received general anesthesia compared with procedural sedation. OBJECTIVE: To detect differences in functional outcome at 3 months between patients who received general anesthesia vs procedural sedation during thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search for English-language articles published from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2019. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials of adults with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of at least 10 and anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke assigned to receive general anesthesia or procedural sedation during thrombectomy. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Individual patient data were obtained from 3 single-center, randomized, parallel-group, open-label treatment trials with blinded end point evaluation that met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Degree of disability, measured via the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range 0-6; lower scores indicate less disability), analyzed with the common odds ratio (cOR) to detect the ordinal shift in the distribution of disability over the range of mRS scores. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients (mean [SD] age, 71.5 [12.9] years; 163 [44.3%] women; median [interquartile range] National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 [14-21]) were included in the analysis, including 183 (49.7%) who received general anesthesia and 185 (50.3%) who received procedural sedation. The mean 3-month mRS score was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.5-3.1) in the general anesthesia group vs 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.5) in the procedural sedation group (difference, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.03-0.83]; cOR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.09-2.29]; P = .02). Among prespecified adverse events, only hypotension (decline in systolic blood pressure of more than 20% from baseline) (80.8% vs 53.1%; OR, 4.26 [95% CI, 2.55-7.09]; P < .001) and blood pressure variability (systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or <120 mm Hg) (79.7 vs 62.3%; OR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.49-3.93]; P < .001) were significantly more common in the general anesthesia group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation undergoing thrombectomy, the use of protocol-based general anesthesia, compared with procedural sedation, was significantly associated with less disability at 3 months. These findings should be interpreted tentatively, given that the individual trials examined were single-center trials and disability was the primary outcome in only 1 trial.
Authors: Johannes A R Pfaff; Silvia Schönenberger; Simon Nagel; Peter A Ringleb; Werner Hacke; Martin Bendszus; Julian Bösel; Markus Alfred Möhlenbruch Journal: Radiology Date: 2017-10-30 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: M Rasmussen; U S Espelund; N Juul; A J Yoo; L H Sørensen; K E Sørensen; S P Johnsen; G Andersen; C Z Simonsen Journal: Br J Anaesth Date: 2018-03-28 Impact factor: 9.166
Authors: A Slezak; R Kurmann; L Oppliger; A Broeg-Morvay; J Gralla; G Schroth; H P Mattle; M Arnold; U Fischer; S Jung; R Greif; F Neff; P Mordasini; M-L Mono Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2017-05-04 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: M K Whalin; K M Halenda; D C Haussen; L C Rebello; M R Frankel; R Y Gershon; R G Nogueira Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2016-11-03 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: Melinda J Davis; Bijoy K Menon; Leyla B Baghirzada; Cynthia R Campos-Herrera; Mayank Goyal; Michael D Hill; David P Archer Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 2012-02 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: Joseph T Marion; Seyed Mohammad Seyedsaadat; Jeffery J Pasternak; Alejandro A Rabinstein; David F Kallmes; Waleed Brinjikji Journal: Interv Neuroradiol Date: 2020-05-06 Impact factor: 1.610
Authors: Mario Martínez-Galdámez; Miguel Schüller; Jorge Galvan; Mercedes de Lera; Vladimir Kalousek; Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez; Juan F Arenillas Journal: Interv Neuroradiol Date: 2021-04-23 Impact factor: 1.610
Authors: Min Chen; Dorothea Kronsteiner; Johannes A R Pfaff; Simon Schieber; Martin Bendszus; Meinhard Kieser; Wolfgang Wick; Markus A Möhlenbruch; Peter A Ringleb; Julian Bösel; Silvia Schönenberger Journal: Neurol Res Pract Date: 2021-05-17
Authors: D Michalski; C Jungk; T Brenner; M Dietrich; C Nusshag; C J Reuß; M O Fiedler; M Bernhard; C Beynon; M A Weigand Journal: Anaesthesist Date: 2021-06-30 Impact factor: 1.041