Elizabeth A Cayanan1,2,3, Nadine A B Eyre1, Vickie Lao1, Maria Comas2,4, Camilla M Hoyos2,5,6, Nathaniel S Marshall1,2,3, Craig L Phillips2,4,7, Judy S C Shiao8, Yue-Liang Leon Guo9, Christopher J Gordon1,2. 1. Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 2. CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 3. NeuroSleep, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia. 4. Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 5. School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 6. Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 7. Sydney Health Partners (Sleep and Respiratory Department, Royal North Shore Hospital), Sydney, Australia. 8. Department of Nursing, College of Medicine National Taiwan University & National Taiwan Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 9. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University & National Taiwan Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and obesity. Previous research has shown no difference in energy intake between night and day shifts only; however, it remains unclear whether other non-night shift patterns are different to night shift. Objectives: We investigated whether energy intake of night-shift workers differed from other shift patterns using calorimetry, food diary or food recall over 24-hour periods. Methods: A systematic review was conducted searching CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and PsycINFO databases for observational and interventional studies measuring energy intake in real or simulated shift work. Energy intake was extracted to compare night, day, afternoon/evening and rotating shift work cases. Results: After duplicate removal, we screened 1057 abstracts and 68 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were cross-sectional and case-control designs in shift workers. Risk of bias assessment showed a low to moderate risk of bias in the majority of studies. There was no difference in energy intake between night-shift work and non-night shift patterns including early morning, day and afternoon/evening shifts. Night-shift workers did not favor particular macronutrients in comparison to other shift schedules.Conclusions: Energy and macronutrient intake were not detectably different in night shift compared to other shift patterns. Shift work patterns were heterogeneous which likely impacted on dietary assessment timings and computation of 24-h energy intake. Future studies should examine shift schedules with precise circadian timing of food consumption to determine if differences exist in energy and macronutrient intake between different shift patterns.
Introduction: Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and obesity. Previous research has shown no difference in energy intake between night and day shifts only; however, it remains unclear whether other non-night shift patterns are different to night shift. Objectives: We investigated whether energy intake of night-shift workers differed from other shift patterns using calorimetry, food diary or food recall over 24-hour periods. Methods: A systematic review was conducted searching CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and PsycINFO databases for observational and interventional studies measuring energy intake in real or simulated shift work. Energy intake was extracted to compare night, day, afternoon/evening and rotating shift work cases. Results: After duplicate removal, we screened 1057 abstracts and 68 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were cross-sectional and case-control designs in shift workers. Risk of bias assessment showed a low to moderate risk of bias in the majority of studies. There was no difference in energy intake between night-shift work and non-night shift patterns including early morning, day and afternoon/evening shifts. Night-shift workers did not favor particular macronutrients in comparison to other shift schedules.Conclusions: Energy and macronutrient intake were not detectably different in night shift compared to other shift patterns. Shift work patterns were heterogeneous which likely impacted on dietary assessment timings and computation of 24-h energy intake. Future studies should examine shift schedules with precise circadian timing of food consumption to determine if differences exist in energy and macronutrient intake between different shift patterns.
Entities:
Keywords:
Calorie; circadian; day shift; dietary patterns; eating habits; kilojoule; macronutrient intake; night shift; night work
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