Plasma vasopressin response to osmotic and hemodynamic stimuli in heart failure.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulation was studied in 42 patients with severe heart failure (CHF) and 10 patients without CHF during cardiac catheterization. Plasma AVP levels were elevated in CHF compared with non-CHF patients (2.98 +/- 2.48 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.44 pg/ml, P less than 0.01). In non-CHF patients, osmotic loading with angiographic contrast caused increases in plasma osmolality (283 +/- 4 to 290 +/- 5 mosmol/l, P less than 0.05) and AVP (1.01 +/- 0.44 to 1.79 +/- 0.20 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). In 10 CHF patients, similar osmotic loading produced an increase in plasma osmolality (275 +/- 13 to 288 +/- 17 mosmol/l, P less than 0.05) and an exaggerated rise in plasma AVP (3.61 +/- 3.17 to 16.30 +/- 12.17 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). The increase in plasma AVP per unit increase in osmolality was greater (P less than 0.01) in the CHF patients (1.36 +/- 1.25 pg . mosmol-1 . 1(-1)) than in non-CHF patients (0.18 +/- 0.17). To determine whether improved cardiac performance would lower AVP levels, 18 CHF patients received the experimental agent MDL 17,043, with improved cardiac index (1.9 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.7 1 . min-1 . m-2, P less than 0.001). Plasma AVP levels did not change significantly (1.99 +/- 0.74 to 2.81 +/- 2.06 pg/ml), but significant inverse correlations were found between changes in plasma AVP and changes in mean (r = -0.53) and systolic (r = -0.65) arterial pressure after MDL 17,043 infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)