On the mark: genetically engineered immunotherapies for autoimmunity.

Current therapies for autoimmunity cause significant morbidity and mortality. Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells has led to durable remissions of B cell leukemias and lymphomas, raising the question of whether the approach can be modified to target autoreactive B and T cells to induce durable remissions of autoimmunity. Here we review antigen-specific approaches to modify immune cells to treat autoimmune disease. We focus on recent studies that aim to eliminate or suppress autoimmunity by targeting the disease-causing B or T cells through their B cell receptor or T cell receptor specificities.