Ciara M O'Donovan1, Sharon M Madigan2, Isabel Garcia-Perez3, Alan Rankin2, Orla O' Sullivan4, Paul D Cotter5. 1. Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 2. Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Dublin 15, Ireland. 3. Division of Integrated Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK. 4. Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: orla.osullivan@teagasc.ie. 5. Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The gut microbiome has begun to be characterised in athlete groups, albeit, to date, only across a subset of sports. This study aimed to determine if the gut microbiome and metabolome differed across sports classification groups (SCGs) among elite Irish athletes, many of whom were participating in the 2016 Summer Olympics. METHODS: Faecal and urine samples were collected from 37 international level athletes. Faecal samples were prepared for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and faecal and urine samples underwent metabolomic profiling. RESULTS: Differences were observed in the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome of athletes across SCGs. The microbiomes of athletes participating in sports with a high dynamic component were the most distinct compositionally (greater differences in proportions of species), while those of athletes participating in sports with high dynamic and static components were the most functionally distinct (greater differences in functional potential). Additionally, both microbial (faecal) and human (urine) derived metabolites were found to vary between SCGs. In particular cis-aconitate, succinic acid and lactate, in urine samples, and creatinine, in faeces, were found to be significantly different between groups. These differences were evident despite the absence of significant differences in diet, as determined using food frequency questionnaires, which were translated into nutrient intake values using FETA. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome between groups, in the absence of dietary changes, indicates a role for training load or type as a contributory factor. Further exploration of this hypothesis has the potential to benefit athletes, aspiring athletes and the general public.
OBJECTIVES: The gut microbiome has begun to be characterised in athlete groups, albeit, to date, only across a subset of sports. This study aimed to determine if the gut microbiome and metabolome differed across sports classification groups (SCGs) among elite Irish athletes, many of whom were participating in the 2016 Summer Olympics. METHODS: Faecal and urine samples were collected from 37 international level athletes. Faecal samples were prepared for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and faecal and urine samples underwent metabolomic profiling. RESULTS: Differences were observed in the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome of athletes across SCGs. The microbiomes of athletes participating in sports with a high dynamic component were the most distinct compositionally (greater differences in proportions of species), while those of athletes participating in sports with high dynamic and static components were the most functionally distinct (greater differences in functional potential). Additionally, both microbial (faecal) and human (urine) derived metabolites were found to vary between SCGs. In particular cis-aconitate, succinic acid and lactate, in urine samples, and creatinine, in faeces, were found to be significantly different between groups. These differences were evident despite the absence of significant differences in diet, as determined using food frequency questionnaires, which were translated into nutrient intake values using FETA. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome between groups, in the absence of dietary changes, indicates a role for training load or type as a contributory factor. Further exploration of this hypothesis has the potential to benefit athletes, aspiring athletes and the general public.
Authors: Hanna Dziewiecka; Harpal S Buttar; Anna Kasperska; Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk; Małgorzata Domagalska; Justyna Cichoń; Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn Journal: BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Date: 2022-07-07
Authors: Alex E Mohr; Ralf Jäger; Katie C Carpenter; Chad M Kerksick; Martin Purpura; Jeremy R Townsend; Nicholas P West; Katherine Black; Michael Gleeson; David B Pyne; Shawn D Wells; Shawn M Arent; Richard B Kreider; Bill I Campbell; Laurent Bannock; Jonathan Scheiman; Craig J Wissent; Marco Pane; Douglas S Kalman; Jamie N Pugh; Carmen P Ortega-Santos; Jessica A Ter Haar; Paul J Arciero; Jose Antonio Journal: J Int Soc Sports Nutr Date: 2020-05-12 Impact factor: 5.150
Authors: Mariarita Brancaccio; Cristina Mennitti; Arturo Cesaro; Fabio Fimiani; Martina Vano; Biagio Gargiulo; Martina Caiazza; Federica Amodio; Iolanda Coto; Giovanni D'Alicandro; Cristina Mazzaccara; Barbara Lombardo; Raffaela Pero; Daniela Terracciano; Giuseppe Limongelli; Paolo Calabrò; Valeria D'Argenio; Giulia Frisso; Olga Scudiero Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-23 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Vittoria Cella; Viviana M Bimonte; Claudia Sabato; Antonio Paoli; Carlo Baldari; Matteo Campanella; Andrea Lenzi; Elisabetta Ferretti; Silvia Migliaccio Journal: Foods Date: 2021-12-10