Binding of human recombinant 125I-interferon gamma to receptors on human cells.

Recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) produced in Escherichia coli was labeled with 125I to study its binding to receptors of HeLa and lymphoblastoid cells. All the cell lines examined had receptors for rIFN-gamma, although the binding varied considerably among different cell lines. The binding of 125I-rIFN-gamma was competed up to 90% by the addition of unlabeled rIFN-gamma, although not by the addition of IFN-alpha or -beta. By adding increasing concentrations of unlabeled rIFN-gamma to binding assays containing a constant amount of 125I-rIFN-gamma, we determined a KD of 3.7 and 6.3 X 10(-10) M for its binding to Daudi and HeLa cells, respectively. About 13,000 receptors per cell were present in Daudi and 5,000 in HeLa cells. The Mr of the IFN-gamma/receptor complex was determined by cross-linking experiments to be about 125,000. This complex is smaller than the IFN-alpha/receptor complex that has a Mr of about 140,000. The rIFN-gamma receptor was down-regulated when HeLa cells were treated with this interferon, but not when these cells were treated with IFN-beta. These findings suggest that the receptors for IFN-alpha and -gamma differ in several characteristics. The turnover of the rIFN-gamma receptor was measured by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide and the half-life of this receptor was found to be 2 h. The unglycosylated rIFN-gamma was bound to cellular receptors with an affinity similar to that previously reported for natural IFN-gamma. The lymphoblastoid cell lines examined had high affinity receptors for rIFN-gamma, but did not respond to treatment with this IFN with an induction of the synthesis of the enzyme (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase, whereas HeLa cells responded to rIFN-gamma. The reason for the lack of response of lymphoblastoid cells is presently unknown.