Dirk Alexander Wittekind1, Jürgen Kratzsch2, Roland Mergl1,3, Cornelia Enzenbach4, Veronika Witte5, Arno Villringer5, Michael Kluge1. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 2. Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 3. Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany. 4. LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 5. Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide hormone, promotes drug reward and is suspected to play a role in nicotine dependence. However, there is little data on whether ghrelin levels are associated with active and/or former smoking. The relationship between ghrelin serum levels and smoking status in a population-based sample of individuals was studied. METHODS: Total ghrelin was determined after an overnight fast in 1519 subjects participating in a population-based cohort study ('LIFE-Adult'). Tobacco consumption was assessed using both the questionnaire and interview. Generalised linear models with gamma distribution and log-link function were performed to analyse the association of total serum ghrelin with smoking status and the association between serum ghrelin and the amount of tobacco consumed in active smokers. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were positively associated with active, but not former smoking (OR = 1.095; p = .002). This association was not moderated by sex (interaction of 'active smoking' and sex: p = .346). Ghrelin levels were not associated with the amount of tobacco consumed in active smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin serum levels are positively associated with active smoking. No association was found for former smokers. A unique feature of the study is the large sample size.
OBJECTIVES: Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide hormone, promotes drug reward and is suspected to play a role in nicotine dependence. However, there is little data on whether ghrelin levels are associated with active and/or former smoking. The relationship between ghrelin serum levels and smoking status in a population-based sample of individuals was studied. METHODS: Total ghrelin was determined after an overnight fast in 1519 subjects participating in a population-based cohort study ('LIFE-Adult'). Tobacco consumption was assessed using both the questionnaire and interview. Generalised linear models with gamma distribution and log-link function were performed to analyse the association of total serum ghrelin with smoking status and the association between serum ghrelin and the amount of tobacco consumed in active smokers. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were positively associated with active, but not former smoking (OR = 1.095; p = .002). This association was not moderated by sex (interaction of 'active smoking' and sex: p = .346). Ghrelin levels were not associated with the amount of tobacco consumed in active smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin serum levels are positively associated with active smoking. No association was found for former smokers. A unique feature of the study is the large sample size.
Entities:
Keywords:
Ghrelin; addiction; craving; nicotine consumption; population
Authors: Dirk Alexander Wittekind; Jürgen Kratzsch; Ronald Biemann; Roland Mergl; Steffi Riedel-Heller; Veronika Witte; Arno Villringer; Michael Kluge Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-05-11 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: D A Wittekind; J Kratzsch; R Mergl; R Baber; V Witte; A Villringer; M Kluge Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2021-04-21 Impact factor: 4.256