Sujata Balasubramanian1, Rifat S Rahman1, Chanthap Lon2, Christian Parobek1, Ratawan Ubalee3, Nicholas Hathaway4, Worachet Kuntawunginn5, Mok My6, Dav Vy6, Jeremy Saxe7, Charlotte Lanteri5, Feng-Chang Lin7, Michele Spring5, Steven R Meshnick8, Jonathan J Juliano1, David L Saunders5,9, Jessica T Lin1. 1. Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. 3. Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. 4. Department of Bioinformatics and Integrated Biology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester. 5. Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. 6. Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. 7. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 9. US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity, Fort Detrick, Maryland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In Southeast Asia, people are often coinfected with different species of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] and Plasmodium vivax [Pv]) as well as with multiple clones of the same species. Whether particular species or clones within mixed infections are more readily transmitted to mosquitoes remains unknown. METHODS: Laboratory-reared Anopheles dirus were fed on blood from 119 Pf-infected Cambodian adults, with 5950 dissected to evaluate for transmitted infection. Among 12 persons who infected mosquitoes, polymerase chain reaction and amplicon deep sequencing were used to track species and clone-specific transmission to mosquitoes. RESULTS: Seven of 12 persons that infected mosquitoes harbored mixed Pf/Pv infection. Among these 7 persons, all transmitted Pv with 2 transmitting both Pf and Pv, leading to Pf/Pv coinfection in 21% of infected mosquitoes. Up to 4 clones of each species were detected within persons. Shifts in clone frequency were detected during transmission. However, in general, all parasite clones in humans were transmitted to mosquitoes, with individual mosquitoes frequently carrying multiple transmitted clones. CONCLUSIONS: Malaria diversity in human hosts was maintained in the parasite populations recovered from mosquitoes fed on their blood. However, in persons with mixed Pf/Pv malaria, Pv appears to be transmitted more readily, in association with more prevalent patent gametocytemia.
BACKGROUND: In Southeast Asia, people are often coinfected with different species of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] and Plasmodium vivax [Pv]) as well as with multiple clones of the same species. Whether particular species or clones within mixed infections are more readily transmitted to mosquitoes remains unknown. METHODS: Laboratory-reared Anopheles dirus were fed on blood from 119 Pf-infected Cambodian adults, with 5950 dissected to evaluate for transmitted infection. Among 12 persons who infected mosquitoes, polymerase chain reaction and amplicon deep sequencing were used to track species and clone-specific transmission to mosquitoes. RESULTS: Seven of 12 persons that infected mosquitoes harbored mixed Pf/Pv infection. Among these 7 persons, all transmitted Pv with 2 transmitting both Pf and Pv, leading to Pf/Pv coinfection in 21% of infected mosquitoes. Up to 4 clones of each species were detected within persons. Shifts in clone frequency were detected during transmission. However, in general, all parasite clones in humans were transmitted to mosquitoes, with individual mosquitoes frequently carrying multiple transmitted clones. CONCLUSIONS:Malaria diversity in human hosts was maintained in the parasite populations recovered from mosquitoes fed on their blood. However, in persons with mixed Pf/Pv malaria, Pv appears to be transmitted more readily, in association with more prevalent patent gametocytemia.
Authors: Steve M Taylor; Jonathan J Juliano; Paul A Trottman; Jennifer B Griffin; Sarah H Landis; Paluku Kitsa; Antoinette K Tshefu; Steven R Meshnick Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2009-11-25 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Christian M Parobek; Jessica T Lin; David L Saunders; Eric J Barnett; Chanthap Lon; Charlotte A Lanteri; Sujata Balasubramanian; Nicholas Brazeau; Derrick K DeConti; Deen L Garba; Steven R Meshnick; Michele D Spring; Char Meng Chuor; Jeffrey A Bailey; Jonathan J Juliano Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-11-28 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Swamy Rakesh Adapa; Rachel A Taylor; Chengqi Wang; Richard Thomson-Luque; Leah R Johnson; Rays H Y Jiang Journal: BMC Syst Biol Date: 2019-01-11
Authors: Wendy Prudhomme-O'Meara; Steve M Taylor; Kelsey M Sumner; Elizabeth Freedman; Lucy Abel; Andrew Obala; Brian W Pence; Amy Wesolowski; Steven R Meshnick Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2021-02-10 Impact factor: 14.919