Intranasal procedures for successful lacrimal surgery.

Successful lacrimal surgery requires specialized knowledge of intranasal surgical anatomy. The clearance of the lower nasolacrimal duct relative to the inferior turbinate and the relationship of dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodac-ryocystorhinostomy sites to upper nasal septum and anterior middle turbinate are not encountered in traditional cosmetic rhinoplasty or procedures for nasal airway obstruction. Intranasal procedures to facilitate lacrimal surgery are described.