André Q C Miguel1, Brian D Kiluk2, Corey R Roos2, Theresa A Babuscio2, Charla Nich2, Jair J Mari3, Kathleen M Carroll2. 1. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: andre.miguel@wsu.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unemployment is a chronic problem among treatment seeking substance users and is associated with poor treatment response. Most studies that have examined the relationship between employment and treatment outcomes for substance use disorders have done so by considering employment at only one specific point in time (e.g., upon entering treatment). There is a lack of research on how change in employment status over time is associated with substance use treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate both static employment status and change in employment status over time as predictors of cocaine use treatment outcomes. METHODS: We utilized data pooled from six randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment for cocaine use disorders (n = 553). Multiple general linear mixed models were conducted to determine the association of baseline, end-of-treatment, and change in employment status (from baseline to end-of-treatment) with treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Treatment outcomes did not differ by baseline employment status but were significantly better for those employed versus unemployed at the end-of-treatment. In regard to change in employment status over time, those who were unemployed at baseline and acquired employment by end-of-treatment had significantly better treatment outcomes during active treatment and follow-up, as compared to those who were unemployed at baseline and remained unemployed by end-of-treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that end-of-treatment employment status may be an important marker of good outcome among those unemployed at treatment entry and support the incorporation of interventions designed to promote employment by substance use disorders treatment programs.
BACKGROUND: Unemployment is a chronic problem among treatment seeking substance users and is associated with poor treatment response. Most studies that have examined the relationship between employment and treatment outcomes for substance use disorders have done so by considering employment at only one specific point in time (e.g., upon entering treatment). There is a lack of research on how change in employment status over time is associated with substance use treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate both static employment status and change in employment status over time as predictors of cocaine use treatment outcomes. METHODS: We utilized data pooled from six randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment for cocaine use disorders (n = 553). Multiple general linear mixed models were conducted to determine the association of baseline, end-of-treatment, and change in employment status (from baseline to end-of-treatment) with treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Treatment outcomes did not differ by baseline employment status but were significantly better for those employed versus unemployed at the end-of-treatment. In regard to change in employment status over time, those who were unemployed at baseline and acquired employment by end-of-treatment had significantly better treatment outcomes during active treatment and follow-up, as compared to those who were unemployed at baseline and remained unemployed by end-of-treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that end-of-treatment employment status may be an important marker of good outcome among those unemployed at treatment entry and support the incorporation of interventions designed to promote employment by substance use disorders treatment programs.
Authors: André Q C Miguel; Brian D Kiluk; Theresa A Babuscio; Charla Nich; Jair J Mari; Kathleen M Carroll Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-03-20 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Sigurdur Oli Sigurdsson; Brandon M Ring; Kristen O'Reilly; Kenneth Silverman Journal: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Date: 2012-01-13 Impact factor: 3.829
Authors: Dennis M Donovan; George E Bigelow; Gregory S Brigham; Kathleen M Carroll; Allan J Cohen; John G Gardin; John A Hamilton; Marilyn A Huestis; John R Hughes; Robert Lindblad; G Alan Marlatt; Kenzie L Preston; Jeffrey A Selzer; Eugene C Somoza; Paul G Wakim; Elizabeth A Wells Journal: Addiction Date: 2011-07-22 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: J Matthew Webster; Paul J Rosen; Hope Smiley McDonald; Michele Staton-Tindall; Thomas F Garrity; Carl G Leukefeld Journal: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Date: 2007 Impact factor: 3.829
Authors: Kathleen M Carroll; Charla Nich; Nancy M Petry; Dorothy A Eagan; Julia M Shi; Samuel A Ball Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2016-01-13 Impact factor: 4.492