Fawaz E Alsaadi1, T Hayat2, Sohail A Khan3, Fuad E Alsaadi4, M Ijaz Khan5. 1. Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. 3. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. 4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. Electronic address: mikhan@math.qau.edu.pk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nanofluids have innovative characteristics that make them potentially beneficial in numerous applications in heat and mass transports like fuel cells, hybrid-powered engines, microelectronics, pharmaceutical processes, domestic refrigerator, engine cooling, heat exchanger, chiller and in boiler flue gas temperature decay. Nanomaterial increased the coefficient of heat transport and thermal performance compared to continuous phase liquid. Having such significance in mind, the nanofluid flow of second grade material over a convectively heated surface is examined here. Nano-fluid is electrically conducting. Energy expression is studied through Joule heating, heat source/sink and dissipation. In addition, thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion are investigated. Physical aspects of entropy optimization in nanomaterials with cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction are accounted. Through second law of thermodynamics the total entropy generation rate is computed. METHODS: The nonlinear governing PDE's are transformed to ordinary ones through transformations. Total residual error is calculated for momentum, energy and concentration equations using optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). RESULTS: Behaviors of different variables on velocity, Bejan number, concentration, temperature and entropy optimization are examined via graphs. Local skin friction coefficient (Cfx) and gradient of temperature (Nux)are examined graphically. Comparison between the recent and previous result is given. Temperature and velocity are enhanced significantly versus (λ1). Entropy generation rate boosts up for magnetic parameter and Brinkman number. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained outcomes show that velocity is higher via mixed convective variable. Temperature boosts up in presence of higher magnetic parameter, thermophoretic paraemter, Brinkman number and second grade parameter while Biot number decays. Concentration has increasing behavior via larger Brownian and homogeneous and heterogeneous parameters. Entropy rate and Bejan number have similar impact through diffusion parameters with respect to both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions variables.
BACKGROUND: Nanofluids have innovative characteristics that make them potentially beneficial in numerous applications in heat and mass transports like fuel cells, hybrid-powered engines, microelectronics, pharmaceutical processes, domestic refrigerator, engine cooling, heat exchanger, chiller and in boiler flue gas temperature decay. Nanomaterial increased the coefficient of heat transport and thermal performance compared to continuous phase liquid. Having such significance in mind, the nanofluid flow of second grade material over a convectively heated surface is examined here. Nano-fluid is electrically conducting. Energy expression is studied through Joule heating, heat source/sink and dissipation. In addition, thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion are investigated. Physical aspects of entropy optimization in nanomaterials with cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction are accounted. Through second law of thermodynamics the total entropy generation rate is computed. METHODS: The nonlinear governing PDE's are transformed to ordinary ones through transformations. Total residual error is calculated for momentum, energy and concentration equations using optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). RESULTS: Behaviors of different variables on velocity, Bejan number, concentration, temperature and entropy optimization are examined via graphs. Local skin friction coefficient (Cfx) and gradient of temperature (Nux)are examined graphically. Comparison between the recent and previous result is given. Temperature and velocity are enhanced significantly versus (λ1). Entropy generation rate boosts up for magnetic parameter and Brinkman number. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained outcomes show that velocity is higher via mixed convective variable. Temperature boosts up in presence of higher magnetic parameter, thermophoretic paraemter, Brinkman number and second grade parameter while Biot number decays. Concentration has increasing behavior via larger Brownian and homogeneous and heterogeneous parameters. Entropy rate and Bejan number have similar impact through diffusion parameters with respect to both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions variables.