Allison J Carroll1, Mark D Huffman2, Lihui Zhao3, David R Jacobs4, Jesse C Stewart5, Catarina I Kiefe6, Wendy Brunner7, Kiang Liu3, Brian Hitsman3. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: acarroll@nm.org. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Food Policy, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. 4. Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 6. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. 7. Center for Rural Community Health, Bassett Resarch Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Depression is associated with increased risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease, while the association between depression and cardiovascular health (CVH) remains unknown. Because the natural course of depression varies widely, different patterns of depression, as well as co-occurring factors such as cigarette smoking, may influence this relationship. We examined potential interactions between longitudinal patterns of depression and smoking with CVH. METHODS: Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, we modeled trajectories of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores; Years 5, 10, 15, 20) and smoking (cigarettes/day; Years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20). We calculated a modified American Heart Association (AHA) CVH Score (weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet; Year 20); higher scores indicate better CVH. Generalized linear models evaluated associations between depression trajectories, smoking trajectories, and their interaction with CVH Score. RESULTS: The depression trajectory x smoking trajectory interaction was not associated with CVH Score, but main effects of depression trajectory (p < .001) and smoking trajectory (p < .001) were observed. Participants with patterns of subthreshold depression (β = -0.26, SE=0.08), increasing depression (β = -0.51 SE = 0.14), and high depression (β = -0.65, SE = 0.32) had lower CVH Scores than those without depression. Compared to never smokers, participants who quit smoking had higher CVH Scores (β = 0.38, SE = 0.11), while participants with the greatest smoking exposure had lower CVH Scores (β = -0.49, SE = 0.22). LIMITATIONS: CVH Scores were adapted from the AHA guidelines based on the available CARDIA data. CONCLUSIONS: Deleterious depression and smoking trajectories are independently but not synergistically associated with worse CVH.
INTRODUCTION: Depression is associated with increased risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease, while the association between depression and cardiovascular health (CVH) remains unknown. Because the natural course of depression varies widely, different patterns of depression, as well as co-occurring factors such as cigarette smoking, may influence this relationship. We examined potential interactions between longitudinal patterns of depression and smoking with CVH. METHODS: Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, we modeled trajectories of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores; Years 5, 10, 15, 20) and smoking (cigarettes/day; Years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20). We calculated a modified American Heart Association (AHA) CVH Score (weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet; Year 20); higher scores indicate better CVH. Generalized linear models evaluated associations between depression trajectories, smoking trajectories, and their interaction with CVH Score. RESULTS: The depression trajectory x smoking trajectory interaction was not associated with CVH Score, but main effects of depression trajectory (p < .001) and smoking trajectory (p < .001) were observed. Participants with patterns of subthreshold depression (β = -0.26, SE=0.08), increasing depression (β = -0.51 SE = 0.14), and high depression (β = -0.65, SE = 0.32) had lower CVH Scores than those without depression. Compared to never smokers, participants who quit smoking had higher CVH Scores (β = 0.38, SE = 0.11), while participants with the greatest smoking exposure had lower CVH Scores (β = -0.49, SE = 0.22). LIMITATIONS: CVH Scores were adapted from the AHA guidelines based on the available CARDIA data. CONCLUSIONS: Deleterious depression and smoking trajectories are independently but not synergistically associated with worse CVH.
Authors: Adrienne O'Neil; Aaron J Fisher; Katherine J Kibbey; Felice N Jacka; Mark A Kotowicz; Lana J Williams; Amanda L Stuart; Michael Berk; Paul A Lewandowski; Craig B Taylor; Julie A Pasco Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2016-02-16 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Claudia Szlejf; Claudia K Suemoto; Itamar S Santos; Andre R Brunoni; Maria Angélica Nunes; Maria Carmen Viana; Sandhi Maria Barreto; Paulo A Lotufo; Isabela M Benseñor Journal: Int J Cardiol Date: 2018-06-12 Impact factor: 4.164
Authors: Megan E Piper; Matthew Rodock; Jessica W Cook; Tanya R Schlam; Michael C Fiore; Timothy B Baker Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2012-09-17 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Allison J Carroll; Reto Auer; Laura A Colangelo; Mercedes R Carnethon; David R Jacobs; Jesse C Stewart; Rachel Widome; John Jeffrey Carr; Kiang Liu; Brian Hitsman Journal: J Dual Diagn Date: 2017-01-27