Information from the mitochondrial genomes of two egg parasitoids, Gonatocerus sp. and Telenomus sp., reveals a controversial phylogenetic relationship between Mymaridae and Scelionidae.

The taxonomic status and phylogenetic affinities of Mymaridae and Scelionidae are controversial, based on similarities between these families in the characteristics of adults, larvae, and eggs. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of representatives from these two families and found that the derived secondary structure of tRNA-Arg was the same in each family due to the absence of the D-stem. The segment of "cox1 trnL2cox2 trnK trnD atp8 atp6 cox3" in Gonatocerus sp. (Mymaridae) is conserved and distinct from those of four other species of Chalcidoidea but similar to that in Proctotrupoidea and Platygastroidea. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Gonatocerus sp. was sister group to other species of Chalcidoidea. Comparisons based on complete gene orders may be more useful in a phylogenetic and systematic context, as different branches may exhibit partially homoplastic gene orders.