Davies Adeloye1,2, Asa Auta3, Martinsixtus Ezejimofor4, Ayo Oyedokun5, Michael O Harhay6,7, Igor Rudan1, Kit Yee Chan1. 1. Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK. 2. RcDavies Evidence-based Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria. 3. School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, UK. 4. British Association of Dermatologists, London, UK. 5. Department of Elderly Medicine, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, UK. 6. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 7. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The burden of dementia is poorly understood in Nigeria. We sought to gather available epidemiologic evidence on dementia in Nigeria to provide country-wide estimates of its prevalence and associated risks. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar for epidemiologic studies on dementia in Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. We pooled crude estimates using random effects meta-analysis. A meta-regression epidemiologic model, using the United Nations demographics for Nigeria, was used to estimate the absolute number of people living with dementia in Nigeria in 1995 and 2015. RESULTS: Our searches returned 835 studies, of which nine were selected. These included 10 820 individuals with a median age of 74.4 years. Heterogeneity (I 2 =98.8%, P<0.001) was high across studies. Five studies were conducted in the South-west, and four studies were rated as high quality. The pooled crude prevalence of dementia in Nigeria was 4.9% (95% CI: 3.0-6.9) with prevalence significantly higher in women (6.7%, 3.6-9.9) compared to men (3.1%, 1.2-5.0). Age 80+ (odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 1.3-1.9), female sex (OR 2.2, 1.4-3.4) and BMI ≤18.5 (OR 3.5, 1.2-10.1) were significant risks for dementia in Nigeria. Using our epidemiologic model, we estimated that the number of dementia cases increased by over 400% over a 20-year period, increasing from 63 512 in 1995 to 318 011 in 2015 among persons aged ≥60 years. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the prevalence and cases of dementia have increased in Nigeria over the last two decades. Population-wide response to dementia is lacking.
BACKGROUND: The burden of dementia is poorly understood in Nigeria. We sought to gather available epidemiologic evidence on dementia in Nigeria to provide country-wide estimates of its prevalence and associated risks. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar for epidemiologic studies on dementia in Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. We pooled crude estimates using random effects meta-analysis. A meta-regression epidemiologic model, using the United Nations demographics for Nigeria, was used to estimate the absolute number of people living with dementia in Nigeria in 1995 and 2015. RESULTS: Our searches returned 835 studies, of which nine were selected. These included 10 820 individuals with a median age of 74.4 years. Heterogeneity (I 2 =98.8%, P<0.001) was high across studies. Five studies were conducted in the South-west, and four studies were rated as high quality. The pooled crude prevalence of dementia in Nigeria was 4.9% (95% CI: 3.0-6.9) with prevalence significantly higher in women (6.7%, 3.6-9.9) compared to men (3.1%, 1.2-5.0). Age 80+ (odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 1.3-1.9), female sex (OR 2.2, 1.4-3.4) and BMI ≤18.5 (OR 3.5, 1.2-10.1) were significant risks for dementia in Nigeria. Using our epidemiologic model, we estimated that the number of dementia cases increased by over 400% over a 20-year period, increasing from 63 512 in 1995 to 318 011 in 2015 among persons aged ≥60 years. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the prevalence and cases of dementia have increased in Nigeria over the last two decades. Population-wide response to dementia is lacking.
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