| Literature DB >> 31523097 |
Julia Wittenborn1, Annika Clausen1, Felix Zeppernick1,2, Elmar Stickeler1, Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein1,2.
Abstract
Introduction Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body core temperature to below 36 °C. If intraoperative heat-preserving measures are omitted, a patient's temperature will fall by 1 - 2 °C. Even mild forms of intraoperative hypothermia can lead to a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. The temperature of the insufflation gas is usually disregarded in the treatment and prevention of hypothermia. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of body-temperature and humidified CO 2 on the intraoperative temperature profile and avoidance of hypothermia in laparoscopic surgery. Material and Methods In this retrospective, non-randomised case control study, 110 patients whose planned operation lasted at least 60 minutes were identified from 376 patients by means of an algorithm. Dry (20% humidity) CO 2 at room temperature was insufflated in 51 patients (control group). 59 patients were insufflated with humidified (98% humidity) CO 2 at body temperature (37 °C) (study group). These conditions were achieved with the HumiGard MR860 Surgical Humidification System (Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand). The intraoperative temperature profile was evaluated by measurements every 10 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM ® SPSS ® Statistics 23.0.0. Results The intraoperative temperature in the control group fell steadily, while a continuous rise in temperature was observed in the study group. Warming was demonstrated in the study group with a start-end temperature difference of 0.09 °C, which differed significantly from the control group, in which it was - 0.09 °C (p = 0.011). The middle-end difference of 0.11 °C showed even higher significance in favour of the warmed gas (p = 0.003). The rate of hypothermia at the start of the operation fell from 50 to 36% in the study group and increased from 36 to 42% in the control group. Conclusion These results show that the use of body-temperature and humidified insufflation gas for laparoscopy can help to prevent intraoperative hypothermia.Entities:
Keywords: HumiGard ®; intraoperative hypothermia; laparoscopy; pneumoperitoneum
Year: 2019 PMID: 31523097 PMCID: PMC6739204 DOI: 10.1055/a-0903-2638
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the 110 patients included, 33 statistical pairs of twins could be evaluated so 66 patients were used for statistical analysis.
Table 1 Comparison of the characteristics of the study groups. Group H: study group, group 0: control group
| Variable | Group 0 | Group H | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1
Paired t-test (normally distributed data)
| |||
| Age at time of operation (years) | 45 | 42 | 0.313 1 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m 2 ) | 28 | 25 | 0.079 1 |
| Smoker (yes/no) | 5 | 5 | |
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 3 | 1 | |
| Number of previous operations | 4 | 4 | 0.715 1 |
| ASA classification (1 – 5) | |||
1 | 9 | 18 | |
2 | 19 | 12 | |
3 | 5 | 3 | |
| Main diagnostic categories | |||
Uterine myoma(s) | 11 | 12 | |
Endometriosis | 7 | 8 | |
Ovarian tumour | 7 | 4 | |
Bleeding disorder | 5 | 0 | |
Other | 3 | 9 | |
| Deeply infiltrating endometriosis (yes/no) | 2 | 3 [32] | |
| Operation preparation time (min) | 78 | 74 | 0.476 1 |
| Anaesthesia duration (min) | 178 | 175 | 0.542 1 |
| Incision-suture time (min) | 124 | 124 | 0.867 2 |
| Crystalloid solutions | 1.36 | 1.61 | 0.254 1 |
| Colloid solutions | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.423 1 |
Table 2 Start, middle and end temperature. The measurements were intra-oesophageal. Figures in °C.
| Start temperature | Middle temperature | End temperature | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | 36.10 (± 0.46) | 36.07 (± 0.42) | 36.01 (± 0.40) |
| Study group | 35.94 (± 0.46) | 35.98 (± 0.49) | 36.04 (± 0.49) |
Fig. 2Temperature profile of the control and study groups, showing the temperature curves using the start, middle and end of the operation. Measurement was intra-oesophageal.
Table 3 Significance test of temperature differences at the three times: start, middle and end temperature. The start-end, start-middle and middle-end differences were examined by paired t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05.
| Control group | Study group | t | df | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| df: degrees of freedom | |||||
| Start-end difference | − 0.09 | 0.09 | 2.70 | 32 | 0.011 |
| Start-middle difference | − 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.59 | 32 | 0.122 |
| Middle-end differences | − 0.06 | 0.05 | 3.21 | 32 | 0.003 |
Table 4 Percentage of hypothermic patients at the three measurement times (start, middle and end temperature). Figures in percent.
| Hypothermia (in %) | Group 0 | Group H |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of start temperatures | 36.36 | 54.55 |
| Percentage of middle temperature | 39.39 | 42.42 |
| Percentage of end temperatures | 42.42 | 36.36 |
Abb. 1Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien. Für die 110 eingeschlossenen Fälle konnten 33 statistische Zwillingspaare evaluiert werden, sodass 66 Patientinnen für die statistischen Analysen herangezogen wurden.
Tab. 1 Gegenüberstellung grundlegender Kenngrößen der untersuchten Gruppen. Gruppe H: Versuchsgruppe, Gruppe 0: Kontrollgruppe
| Variable | Gruppe 0 | Gruppe H | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1
verbundener T-Test (normalverteilte Daten)
| |||
| Alter zum Operationszeitpunkt (Jahre) | 45 | 42 | 0,313 1 |
| Body-Mass-Index (kg/m 2 ) | 28 | 25 | 0,079 1 |
| Raucher (ja/nein) | 5 | 5 | |
| Diabetes (ja/nein) | 3 | 1 | |
| Anzahl der Voroperationen | 4 | 4 | 0,715 1 |
| ASA-Klassifikation (1 – 5) | |||
1 | 9 | 18 | |
2 | 19 | 12 | |
3 | 5 | 3 | |
| kategoriale Hauptdiagnosen | |||
Uterusmyom(e) | 11 | 12 | |
Endometriose | 7 | 8 | |
Ovarialtumor | 7 | 4 | |
Blutungsstörung | 5 | 0 | |
weitere | 3 | 9 | |
| tief infiltrierende Endometriose (ja/nein) | 2 | 3 [32] | |
| Vorbereitungszeit auf die Operation (min) | 78 | 74 | 0,476 1 |
| Anästhesiedauer (min) | 178 | 175 | 0,542 1 |
| Schnitt-Naht-Zeit (min) | 124 | 124 | 0,867 2 |
| kristalloide Lösungen | 1,36 | 1,61 | 0,254 1 |
| kolloide Lösungen | 0,12 | 0,06 | 0,423 1 |
Tab. 2 Start-, Mittel- und Endtemperatur. Die Messungen wurden intraösophageal durchgeführt. Angaben in °C.
| Starttemperatur | Mitteltemperatur | Endtemperatur | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kontrollgruppe | 36,10 (± 0,46) | 36,07 (± 0,42) | 36,01 (± 0,40) |
| Versuchsgruppe | 35,94 (± 0,46) | 35,98 (± 0,49) | 36,04 (± 0,49) |
Abb. 2Temperaturverlauf von Kontroll- und Versuchsgruppe. Gezeigt sind die Temperaturkurven anhand der 3 Zeitpunkte Start, Mitte und Ende der Operation. Die Messung erfolgte intraösophageal.
Tab. 3 Signifikanztestung der Temperaturdifferenzen zu den 3 Zeitpunkten Start-, Mittel- und Endtemperatur. Getestet wurden die Start-End-, Start-Mittel- und Mittel-End-Differenzen mittels verbundenem T-Test. Statistische Signifikanz wurde bei p < 0,05 angenommen.
| Kontrollgruppe | Versuchsgruppe | T | df | p-Wert | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| df: degrees of freedom | |||||
| Start-End-Differenz | − 0,09 | 0,09 | 2,70 | 32 | 0,011 |
| Start-Mittel-Differenz | − 0,03 | 0,04 | 1,59 | 32 | 0,122 |
| Mittel-End-Differenz | − 0,06 | 0,05 | 3,21 | 32 | 0,003 |
Tab. 4 Anteil hypothermer Patienten zu den 3 Zeitpunkten der Messung (Start-, Mittel- und Endtemperatur). Angaben in Prozent.
| Hypothermie (in %) | Gruppe 0 | Gruppe H |
|---|---|---|
| Anteil der Starttemperaturen | 36,36 | 54,55 |
| Anteil der Mitteltemperaturen | 39,39 | 42,42 |
| Anteil der Endtemperaturen | 42,42 | 36,36 |