Clarisse Marie Claudine Simbi1, Yuhong Zhang2, Zhizhong Wang2. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Electronic address: ccsimbi14@gmail.com. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many researchers have concluded that early parental loss during childhood is a risk factor for depression in late life of adults; however others didn't find any association. The objective of this systematic review is to assess whether this association exists or not by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS: Nine published case-controlled studies were chosen through literature searches in PUBMED, and LIBRARY GENESIS. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) have been used to assess the quality of studies included. Thereafter, data were extracted from each study and analysed using ProMeta. RESULTS: Nine case-controlled studies (representing n = 2784, cases=716 and controls=2068) were included in meta-analysis. The overall random effects model results of parental loss [OR = 2.18, 95% CI, 1.63-2.90, p < 0.00; I2 = 15.79%, df = 8, p = 0.302], parental death [OR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.13-2.73, p = 0.012; I2 = 0.00%, df = 3, p = 0.600] and parental separation [OR = 3.14, 95% CI, 1.92-5.15, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.00%, df = 2, p = 0.675] showed a strong positive effect on developing depression in adults. Egger's linear regression test [t = 0.14, p = 0.895] and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test [z = 0.63, p = 0.532] confirmed absence of publication bias of studies included in this meta-analysis. LIMITATIONS: This systematic review was limited by a small number of case-controlled studies included in meta-analysis due to the differences in methodological designs of studies. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that parental loss, parental death, and parental separation before age 18 are risk factors of depression in adulthood.
BACKGROUND: Many researchers have concluded that early parental loss during childhood is a risk factor for depression in late life of adults; however others didn't find any association. The objective of this systematic review is to assess whether this association exists or not by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS: Nine published case-controlled studies were chosen through literature searches in PUBMED, and LIBRARY GENESIS. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) have been used to assess the quality of studies included. Thereafter, data were extracted from each study and analysed using ProMeta. RESULTS: Nine case-controlled studies (representing n = 2784, cases=716 and controls=2068) were included in meta-analysis. The overall random effects model results of parental loss [OR = 2.18, 95% CI, 1.63-2.90, p < 0.00; I2 = 15.79%, df = 8, p = 0.302], parental death [OR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.13-2.73, p = 0.012; I2 = 0.00%, df = 3, p = 0.600] and parental separation [OR = 3.14, 95% CI, 1.92-5.15, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.00%, df = 2, p = 0.675] showed a strong positive effect on developing depression in adults. Egger's linear regression test [t = 0.14, p = 0.895] and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test [z = 0.63, p = 0.532] confirmed absence of publication bias of studies included in this meta-analysis. LIMITATIONS: This systematic review was limited by a small number of case-controlled studies included in meta-analysis due to the differences in methodological designs of studies. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that parental loss, parental death, and parental separation before age 18 are risk factors of depression in adulthood.
Authors: Izyan A Wahab; Khang Wen Goh; Zainol Akbar Zainal; Najlaa Siham Mohamed Yusof; Hasniza Zaman Huri; Sabrina Anne Jacob; Muhammad Najib Mohamad Alwi; Rosnani Hashim; Shairyzah Ahmad Hisham; Nurdiana Jamil Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-08-05 Impact factor: 4.614