Marie C D Stoner1, Torsten B Neilands2, Kathleen Kahn3, James P Hughes4, F Xavier Gómez-Olivé5, Rhian Twine6, Stephen Tollman7, Oliver Laeyendecker8, Catherine MacPhail9, Jennifer Ahern10, Sheri A Lippman11, Audrey Pettifor12. 1. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: stonerm@email.unc.edu. 2. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 3. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. 5. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana. 6. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 7. INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana. 8. Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 9. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 10. Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 11. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 12. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Schooling is associated with a lower risk of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but there is little understanding of the pathways underlying this relationship. METHODS: We used data from adolescent girls and young women in South Africa enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study. We tested a structural equation model where individual household and community education measures were associated directly and indirectly with incident HSV-2 through HIV knowledge, future aspirations, age-disparate partnerships, sex in the last 12 months, and condomless sex. RESULTS: Community, household, and individual measures of schooling were all associated with incident HSV-2 infection through mediated pathways that increased the likelihood of having sex. Low school attendance (<80% of school days) increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships and reduced future aspirations. Fewer community years of education increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships. Parental education level was indirectly associated with HSV-2 overall, although we could not identify the individual pathways that were responsible for this association. CONCLUSIONS: Community and individual schooling interventions may reduce the risk of HSV-2 infection by influencing the likelihood of having sex, partner age, and future aspirations.
PURPOSE: Schooling is associated with a lower risk of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but there is little understanding of the pathways underlying this relationship. METHODS: We used data from adolescent girls and young women in South Africa enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study. We tested a structural equation model where individual household and community education measures were associated directly and indirectly with incident HSV-2 through HIV knowledge, future aspirations, age-disparate partnerships, sex in the last 12 months, and condomless sex. RESULTS: Community, household, and individual measures of schooling were all associated with incident HSV-2 infection through mediated pathways that increased the likelihood of having sex. Low school attendance (<80% of school days) increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships and reduced future aspirations. Fewer community years of education increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships. Parental education level was indirectly associated with HSV-2 overall, although we could not identify the individual pathways that were responsible for this association. CONCLUSIONS: Community and individual schooling interventions may reduce the risk of HSV-2 infection by influencing the likelihood of having sex, partner age, and future aspirations.
Authors: Lise M Youngblade; Laura A Curry; Maureen Novak; Bruce Vogel; Elizabeth A Shenkman Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2006-05 Impact factor: 5.012
Authors: Audrey Pettifor; Catherine MacPhail; James P Hughes; Amanda Selin; Jing Wang; F Xavier Gómez-Olivé; Susan H Eshleman; Ryan G Wagner; Wonderful Mabuza; Nomhle Khoza; Chirayath Suchindran; Immitrude Mokoena; Rhian Twine; Philip Andrew; Ellen Townley; Oliver Laeyendecker; Yaw Agyei; Stephen Tollman; Kathleen Kahn Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2016-11-01 Impact factor: 26.763
Authors: Audrey Pettifor; Catherine MacPhail; Amanda Selin; F Xavier Gómez-Olivé; Molly Rosenberg; Ryan G Wagner; Wonderful Mabuza; James P Hughes; Chirayath Suchindran; Estelle Piwowar-Manning; Jing Wang; Rhian Twine; Tamu Daniel; Philip Andrew; Oliver Laeyendecker; Yaw Agyei; Stephen Tollman; Kathleen Kahn Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2016-09