The use of technology and sampling frequency to measure variables of tactical positioning in team sports: a systematic review.

The aim of the study was to assess the use of different positioning systems and sampling frequencies to measure spatial-positioning variables in team sports. Articles were selected when the sampling frequency was detailed. 2,194 articles were identified and 59 works were selected for the systematic review. The sampling frequency used to measure tactical behaviour differed considerably among studies. For Global Navigation Satellite System, the sampling frequency ranged from 5- to 15 Hz for raw data, the most commonly used sampling frequency being 5 Hz. For Optic-based tracking systems, the sampling frequency ranged from 10- to 30 Hz. For Local Position System, the sampling frequency ranged from 45- to 100 Hz, the most commonly used sampling frequency being 42 Hz and 57.7 Hz. There is no common criterion in the sampling frequency used to measure each tactical variable. Further studies should investigate the impact of the sampling frequency on the measurement of the tactical variables.