Hiroyuki Tsutsui1, Mitsuaki Isobe2, Hiroshi Ito4, Hiroshi Ito4, Ken Okumura5, Minoru Ono6, Masafumi Kitakaze7, Koichiro Kinugawa8, Yasuki Kihara9, Yoichi Goto10, Issei Komuro11, Yoshikatsu Saiki12, Yoshihiko Saito13, Yasushi Sakata14, Naoki Sato15, Yoshiki Sawa16, Akira Shiose17, Wataru Shimizu18, Hiroaki Shimokawa19, Yoshihiko Seino20, Koichi Node21, Taiki Higo1, Atsushi Hirayama22, Miyuki Makaya23, Tohru Masuyama24, Toyoaki Murohara25, Shin-Ichi Momomura26, Masafumi Yano27, Kenji Yamazaki28, Kazuhiro Yamamoto29, Tsutomu Yoshikawa30, Michihiro Yoshimura31, Masatoshi Akiyama12, Toshihisa Anzai32, Shiro Ishihara33, Takayuki Inomata34, Teruhiko Imamura35, Yu-Ki Iwasaki18, Tomohito Ohtani14, Katsuya Onishi36, Takatoshi Kasai37, Mahoto Kato38, Makoto Kawai31, Yoshiharu Kinugasa39, Shintaro Kinugawa32, Toru Kuratani40, Shigeki Kobayashi27, Yasuhiko Sakata19, Atsushi Tanaka21, Koichi Toda16, Takashi Noda41, Kotaro Nochioka19, Masaru Hatano42, Takayuki Hidaka43, Takeo Fujino44, Shigeru Makita45, Osamu Yamaguchi14, Uichi Ikeda46, Takeshi Kimura47, Shun Kohsaka48, Masami Kosuge49, Masakazu Yamagishi50, Akira Yamashina51. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. 2. Sakakibara Heart Institute. 3. Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5. Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center. 6. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7. Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. 8. Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama. 9. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University. 10. Yoka Municipal Hospital. 11. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 12. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine. 13. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University. 14. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. 15. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital. 16. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. 17. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. 18. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School. 19. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine. 20. Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital. 21. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University. 22. The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine. 23. Kitasato University Graduate School of Nursing. 24. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine. 25. Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine. 26. Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University. 27. Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine. 28. Department of Cardiology Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University. 29. Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University. 30. Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute. 31. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine. 32. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine. 33. Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital. 34. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital. 35. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center. 36. Onishi Heart Clinic. 37. Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine. 38. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine. 39. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tottori University Hospital. 40. Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. 41. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. 42. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital. 43. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University. 44. Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Failure, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. 45. Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center. 46. Nagano Municipal Hospital. 47. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University. 48. Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine. 49. Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center. 50. Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine. 51. Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University.