Antibody isotype response in adult cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19.

In a chronological study of sera collected from eight adult cattle vaccinated with 3 X 10(-10) cfu of Brucella abortus S19, antibody of each of the four major isotypes was measured by indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and by direct and modified complement fixation tests (CFT). Six of the cattle gave antibody responses to the vaccine strain that commenced between days 5 and 8 for all the isotypes in the ELISA, peaked by 1 to 4 months and then declined to low levels by 10 months. Direct CFT and modified CFT titers were measurable by 7 or 8 days post-vaccination, and peaked by 1 month; direct CFT titers disappeared by 5 months while the modified CFT titers lingered for 10 months. Two animals gave cyclical direct CFT and modified CFT antibody responses, a cyclical IgG1 response, a low IgG2 and an elevated IgA response. The amplitude of the cycles was uniform over three cycles while the wavelength increased with time. A year post-vaccination, B. abortus S19 was isolated twice from milk from one of the animals (no attempt was made to culture B. abortus from the other). Sera from B. abortus naturally infected cattle were analysed for comparison.