Marjo Tuomainen1, Olli Kärkkäinen1,2, Jukka Leppänen2, Seppo Auriola2,3, Marko Lehtonen2,3, Markku J Savolainen4, Kjeld Hermansen5, Ulf Risérus6, Björn Åkesson7,8, Inga Thorsdottir9, Marjukka Kolehmainen1, Matti Uusitupa1, Kaisa Poutanen10, Ursula Schwab1,11, Kati Hanhineva1. 1. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 2. School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 3. LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. 4. Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. 5. Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 6. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 7. Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 8. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. 9. Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 10. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland. 11. Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS:Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS:Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Authors: Anton Klåvus; Marietta Kokla; Stefania Noerman; Ville M Koistinen; Marjo Tuomainen; Iman Zarei; Topi Meuronen; Merja R Häkkinen; Soile Rummukainen; Ambrin Farizah Babu; Taisa Sallinen; Olli Kärkkäinen; Jussi Paananen; David Broadhurst; Carl Brunius; Kati Hanhineva Journal: Metabolites Date: 2020-03-31