Angus Lindsay1, Steven P Gieseg2. 1. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: anguslindsay@outlook.com. 2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Department of Radiology, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pterins as diagnostic biomarkers of exercise-induced stress. DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. METHODS: MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in March 2019 for relevant literature. We only considered in vivo studies of healthy humans that reported measurement of a pterin(s) in response to exercise or sport with no underlying prior disease or complication. Relevant articles were independently reviewed and resolved by consensus. RESULTS: We included 29 studies with 644 participants. We classified articles by running/hiking, cycling, rugby, mixed martial arts (MMA) or other. Eighty-six percent of studies measured a significant increase in a pterin in response to exercise. Changes in pterin concentrations were within 24h of the exercise-stimulus in 79% of studies and 17% measured a change from baseline greater than 48h post-exercise (49% did not measure or report beyond 48h). Neopterin or total neopterin (neopterin+7,8-dihydroneopterin) were the primary pterin measured (28 studies) and they were equally sensitive to exercise regardless of whether the stimulus was running, cycling, rugby, MMA or other. CONCLUSIONS: Neopterin and total neopterin increase in response to exercise-induced stress. Pterins may have limited capacity for monitoring long-term stress beyond 48h but further research is required.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pterins as diagnostic biomarkers of exercise-induced stress. DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. METHODS: MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in March 2019 for relevant literature. We only considered in vivo studies of healthy humans that reported measurement of a pterin(s) in response to exercise or sport with no underlying prior disease or complication. Relevant articles were independently reviewed and resolved by consensus. RESULTS: We included 29 studies with 644 participants. We classified articles by running/hiking, cycling, rugby, mixed martial arts (MMA) or other. Eighty-six percent of studies measured a significant increase in a pterin in response to exercise. Changes in pterin concentrations were within 24h of the exercise-stimulus in 79% of studies and 17% measured a change from baseline greater than 48h post-exercise (49% did not measure or report beyond 48h). Neopterin or total neopterin (neopterin+7,8-dihydroneopterin) were the primary pterin measured (28 studies) and they were equally sensitive to exercise regardless of whether the stimulus was running, cycling, rugby, MMA or other. CONCLUSIONS:Neopterin and total neopterin increase in response to exercise-induced stress. Pterins may have limited capacity for monitoring long-term stress beyond 48h but further research is required.
Authors: Gregory Baxter-Parker; Lloyd Roffe; Elena Moltchanova; Jay Jefferies; Siddarth Raajasekar; Gary Hooper; Steven P Gieseg Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-08-17 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Karma Yeshi; Darren J Creek; Dovile Anderson; Edita Ritmejerytė; Luke Becker; Alex Loukas; Phurpa Wangchuk Journal: Metabolites Date: 2020-11-06