Chao-Ching Chiang1, Yun-Hsuan Tzeng2, Chien-Fu Jeff Lin3, Chien-Shun Wang4, Chun-Cheng Lin4, Ming-Chau Chang5. 1. Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiangcc@vghtpe.gov.tw. 2. Division of Medical Imaging for Health Management, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe an algorithm for arthroscopic reduction and minimally invasive surgery (ARMIS) and compare the surgical outcomes with standard open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of supination-external rotation (SER) ankle fractures. METHODS: The inclusion criteria for this study were patients aged 16 years or older, the presence of a unilateral SER fracture, and injuries less than 2 weeks old. We retrospectively identified patients with SER fractures who underwent ORIF from January 2008 to December 2011 or ARMIS from January 2012 to December 2015. Data collected in December 2013 for the ORIF group and in December 2017 for the ARMIS group were compared. The algorithm for ARMIS was minimally invasive plating for lateral malleolar fractures first, followed by ankle arthroscopy for detection of syndesmotic injuries and then arthroscopic reduction of medial malleolar fractures or mini-open repair of the deltoid ligament. The talocrural angle, fibular length, tibiomedial malleolar angle, medial clear space, and tibiofibular clear space were measured radiographically. Functional evaluations included the visual analog scale pain score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales, and range of motion of bilateral ankles. Complications and reoperations were recorded for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients with SER fractures, 65 in the ARMIS group and 40 in the ORIF group, were included. Significantly lower incidences of complications (7.7% vs 27.5%, P = .006) and reoperations (1.5% vs 12.5%, P = .029) were found in the ARMIS group than in the ORIF group. More syndesmotic injuries were detected in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (80% vs 57.5%, P = .021). The visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower on day 3 postoperatively in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (1.96 ± 1.18 vs 2.83 ± 1.07, P = .027). The postoperative stay was shorter in the ARMIS group than in the ORIF group (3.66 ± 1.39 days vs 4.46 ± 2.23 days, P = .024). The operative time was longer in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (105.22 ± 27.13 minutes vs 93.59 ± 22.79 minutes, P = .038). A longer fluoroscopic time (0.43 ± 0.25 minutes vs 0.17 ± 0.07 minutes, P < .001) and a higher dose of irradiation (1,216.46 ± 603.99 μGy vs 389.38 ± 217.89 μGy, P < .001) were observed in the ARMIS group. No significant differences in radiographic measurements were found between the operative and nonoperative ankles in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our algorithm and the ARMIS techniques may be a safe, reliable, and effective option in the treatment of SER fractures. ARMIS achieves promising surgical outcomes with less early postoperative pain, a shorter postoperative stay, and lower incidences of complications and reoperations compared with ORIF. However, the operative time is longer and the irradiation dose is higher with the ARMIS techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
PURPOSE: To describe an algorithm for arthroscopic reduction and minimally invasive surgery (ARMIS) and compare the surgical outcomes with standard open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of supination-external rotation (SER) ankle fractures. METHODS: The inclusion criteria for this study were patients aged 16 years or older, the presence of a unilateral SERfracture, and injuries less than 2 weeks old. We retrospectively identified patients with SERfractures who underwent ORIF from January 2008 to December 2011 or ARMIS from January 2012 to December 2015. Data collected in December 2013 for the ORIF group and in December 2017 for the ARMIS group were compared. The algorithm for ARMIS was minimally invasive plating for lateral malleolar fractures first, followed by ankle arthroscopy for detection of syndesmotic injuries and then arthroscopic reduction of medial malleolar fractures or mini-open repair of the deltoid ligament. The talocrural angle, fibular length, tibiomedial malleolar angle, medial clear space, and tibiofibular clear space were measured radiographically. Functional evaluations included the visual analog scale pain score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales, and range of motion of bilateral ankles. Complications and reoperations were recorded for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients with SERfractures, 65 in the ARMIS group and 40 in the ORIF group, were included. Significantly lower incidences of complications (7.7% vs 27.5%, P = .006) and reoperations (1.5% vs 12.5%, P = .029) were found in the ARMIS group than in the ORIF group. More syndesmotic injuries were detected in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (80% vs 57.5%, P = .021). The visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower on day 3 postoperatively in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (1.96 ± 1.18 vs 2.83 ± 1.07, P = .027). The postoperative stay was shorter in the ARMIS group than in the ORIF group (3.66 ± 1.39 days vs 4.46 ± 2.23 days, P = .024). The operative time was longer in the ARMIS group than in the ORIS group (105.22 ± 27.13 minutes vs 93.59 ± 22.79 minutes, P = .038). A longer fluoroscopic time (0.43 ± 0.25 minutes vs 0.17 ± 0.07 minutes, P < .001) and a higher dose of irradiation (1,216.46 ± 603.99 μGy vs 389.38 ± 217.89 μGy, P < .001) were observed in the ARMIS group. No significant differences in radiographic measurements were found between the operative and nonoperative ankles in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our algorithm and the ARMIS techniques may be a safe, reliable, and effective option in the treatment of SERfractures. ARMIS achieves promising surgical outcomes with less early postoperative pain, a shorter postoperative stay, and lower incidences of complications and reoperations compared with ORIF. However, the operative time is longer and the irradiation dose is higher with the ARMIS techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Authors: Karthikeyan Chinnakkannu; Haley M McKissack; Jun Kit He; Bradley Alexander; John Wilson; Gean C Viner; Ashish Shah Journal: Indian J Orthop Date: 2020-08-29 Impact factor: 1.251