Amber O Molnar1,2,3, William Petrcich2, Matthew A Weir2,4,5, Amit X Garg2,4,5, Michael Walsh1,3,6, Manish M Sood2,7,8. 1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 4. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. 6. Population Heath Research Institute, McMaster University/Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 7. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 8. Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whether the survival benefit of β-blockers in congestive heart failure (CHF) from randomized trials extends to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not receiving dialysis] is uncertain. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative datasets. Older adults from Ontario, Canada, with incident CHF (median age 79 years) from April 2002 to March 2014 were included. We matched new users of β-blockers to nonusers on age, sex, eGFR categories (>60, 30-60, <30), CHF diagnosis date and a high-dimensional propensity score. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the association of β-blocker use versus nonuse with all-cause mortality. RESULTS: We matched 5862 incident β-blocker users (eGFR >60, n = 3136; eGFR 30-60, n = 2368; eGFR <30, n = 358). There were 2361 mortality events during follow-up. β-Blocker use was associated with reduced all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.64]. This result was consistent across all eGFR categories (>60: adjusted HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49-0.62; 30-60: adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.71; <30: adjusted HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.73; interaction term, P = 0.30). The results were consistent in an intention-to-treat analysis and with β-blocker use treated as a time-varying exposure. CONCLUSIONS: β-Blocker use is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in elderly patients with CHF and CKD, including those with an eGFR <30. Randomized trials that examine β-blockers in patients with CHF and advanced CKD are needed.
BACKGROUND: Whether the survival benefit of β-blockers in congestive heart failure (CHF) from randomized trials extends to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not receiving dialysis] is uncertain. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative datasets. Older adults from Ontario, Canada, with incident CHF (median age 79 years) from April 2002 to March 2014 were included. We matched new users of β-blockers to nonusers on age, sex, eGFR categories (>60, 30-60, <30), CHF diagnosis date and a high-dimensional propensity score. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the association of β-blocker use versus nonuse with all-cause mortality. RESULTS: We matched 5862 incident β-blocker users (eGFR >60, n = 3136; eGFR 30-60, n = 2368; eGFR <30, n = 358). There were 2361 mortality events during follow-up. β-Blocker use was associated with reduced all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.64]. This result was consistent across all eGFR categories (>60: adjusted HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49-0.62; 30-60: adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.71; <30: adjusted HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.73; interaction term, P = 0.30). The results were consistent in an intention-to-treat analysis and with β-blocker use treated as a time-varying exposure. CONCLUSIONS: β-Blocker use is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in elderly patients with CHF and CKD, including those with an eGFR <30. Randomized trials that examine β-blockers in patients with CHF and advanced CKD are needed.
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