Sophie Liabeuf1, Keith McCullough2, Eric W Young2, Ronald Pisoni2, Jarcy Zee2, Helmut Reichel3, Roberto Pecoits-Filho4, Friedrich K Port2, Bénédicte Stengel5, Philipp A Csomor6, Marie Metzger5, Bruce Robinson2, Ziad A Massy7. 1. Pharmacology Department and Laboratory EA 7517, Amiens University Hospital, 80000 Amiens, France. 2. Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 3. Nephrological Center, Villingen Schwenningen, Germany. 4. Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Nephrology, Do Paraná, Brazil. 5. Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), UMRS 1018, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. 6. Vifor Pharma, Glattbrugg, Switzerland. 7. Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), UMRS 1018, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne Billancourt/Paris, France. Electronic address: ziad.massy@aphp.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with mineral and bone metabolism disorders, but these are less frequently studied in non-dialysis CKD patients than in dialysis patients. We examined and described international variation in mineral and bone disease (MBD) markers and their treatment and target levels in Stage 3-5 CKD patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: Prospective cohort study of 7658 adult patients with eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2, excluding dialysis or transplant patients, participating in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps) in Brazil, France, Germany, and the US. CKD-MBD laboratory markers included serum levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D). MBD treatment data included phosphate binders and vitamin D (nutritional and active). Nephrologist survey data were collected on target MBD marker levels. RESULTS: Over two-thirds of the patients had MBD markers measured at time intervals in line with practice guidelines. P and iPTH increased and Ca decreased gradually from eGFR 60-20mL/min/1.73m2 and more sharply for eGFR<20. 25-D showed no relation to eGFR. Nephrologist survey data indicated marked variation in upper target P and iPTH levels. Among patients with P>5.5mg/dL, phosphate binder use was 14% to 43% across the four countries. Among patients with PTH >300pg/mL, use of active (calcitriol and related analogs) vitamin D was 12%-51%, and use of any (active or nutritional) vitamin D was 60%-87%. CONCLUSIONS: Although monitoring of CKD-MBD laboratory markers by nephrologists in CKDopps countries is consistent with guidelines, target levels vary notably and prescription of medications to treat abnormalities in these laboratory markers is generally low in these cross-sectional analyses. While there are opportunities to increase treatment of hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency in advanced CKD, the effect on longer-term complications of these conditions requires study.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with mineral and bone metabolism disorders, but these are less frequently studied in non-dialysis CKD patients than in dialysis patients. We examined and described international variation in mineral and bone disease (MBD) markers and their treatment and target levels in Stage 3-5 CKD patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: Prospective cohort study of 7658 adult patients with eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2, excluding dialysis or transplant patients, participating in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps) in Brazil, France, Germany, and the US. CKD-MBD laboratory markers included serum levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D). MBD treatment data included phosphate binders and vitamin D (nutritional and active). Nephrologist survey data were collected on target MBD marker levels. RESULTS: Over two-thirds of the patients had MBD markers measured at time intervals in line with practice guidelines. P and iPTH increased and Ca decreased gradually from eGFR 60-20mL/min/1.73m2 and more sharply for eGFR<20. 25-D showed no relation to eGFR. Nephrologist survey data indicated marked variation in upper target P and iPTH levels. Among patients with P>5.5mg/dL, phosphate binder use was 14% to 43% across the four countries. Among patients with PTH >300pg/mL, use of active (calcitriol and related analogs) vitamin D was 12%-51%, and use of any (active or nutritional) vitamin D was 60%-87%. CONCLUSIONS: Although monitoring of CKD-MBD laboratory markers by nephrologists in CKDopps countries is consistent with guidelines, target levels vary notably and prescription of medications to treat abnormalities in these laboratory markers is generally low in these cross-sectional analyses. While there are opportunities to increase treatment of hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency in advanced CKD, the effect on longer-term complications of these conditions requires study.
Authors: Roberto Pecoits-Filho; Glen James; Juan Jesus Carrero; Eric Wittbrodt; Steven Fishbane; Alyshah Abdul Sultan; Hiddo J L Heerspink; Katarina Hedman; Eiichiro Kanda; Hungta Tony Chen; Naoki Kashihara; James Sloand; Mikhail Kosiborod; Supriya Kumar; Mitja Lainscak; Matthew Arnold; Carolyn S P Lam; Björn Holmqvist; Carol Pollock; Peter Fenici; Peter Stenvinkel; Jennie Medin; David C Wheeler Journal: Clin Kidney J Date: 2021-04-11