Biomedical potential of clay nanotube formulations and their toxicity assessment.

Introduction: Halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) are a naturally abundant and biocompatible aluminosilicate material with a structure able to encapsulate 10-20% of drugs. These features are attractive toward the clinical application in controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Areas covered: We describe the application of HNTs as a viable method for clinical purposes, particularly developing formulations for prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapeutics, having a special attention to these nanotubes bio-safety. HNTs may be used for pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, wound healing, bone regeneration, dental repair, hair surface engineering and biomimetic applications. Expert opinion: HNTs are a versatile, safe and biocompatible nanomaterial used for drug encapsulation for numerous clinical applications. The studies here reviewed confirm the HNTs biocompatibility, describing their low toxicity. Further developments will be made regarding the long-term efficacy of halloysite-based treatments in humans, concentrating mostly on topical applications.