Veni Bharti1,2, Hua Tan1,2, Jaspreet Deol1,2, Zijian Wu1,2, Jun-Feng Wang3,4,5. 1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. 2. Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, SR436-710 William Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0Z3, Canada. 3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. jun-feng.wang@umanitoba.ca. 4. Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, SR436-710 William Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0Z3, Canada. jun-feng.wang@umanitoba.ca. 5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. jun-feng.wang@umanitoba.ca.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of depression. Studies have shown that chronic treatment with SSRIs and SNRIs produces a protective effect against oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) is an antioxidant protein that reverses protein cysteine oxidation and facilitates scavenging reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVES: The current study is to determine whether the SSRI fluoxetine and the SNRI venlafaxine regulate Trx and protect neuronal cells against protein cysteine oxidation. METHODS: HT22 mouse hippocampal cells were incubated with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days. Protein levels of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and Trx-interacting protein (Txnip) were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Trx and TrxR activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Protein cysteine sulfenylation was measured by dimedone-conjugation assay, while nitrosylation was measured by biotin-switch assay. RESULTS: We found that treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days increased Trx and TrxR protein levels but produced no effect on Txnip protein levels. These treatments also increased Trx and TrxR activities. Although treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine alone had no effect on sulfenylated and nitrosylated protein levels, both drugs inhibited H2O2-increased sulfenylated protein levels and nitric oxide donor nitrosoglutathione-increased nitrosylated protein levels. Stress increases risk of depression. We also found that treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days inhibited stress hormone corticosterone-increased total sulfenylated and nitrosylated protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that chronic treatment with antidepressants may upregulate Trx, subsequently inhibiting protein sulfenylation and nitrosylation, which may contribute to the protective effect of antidepressants against oxidative stress. Our findings also indicate that thioredoxin is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
RATIONALE: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of depression. Studies have shown that chronic treatment with SSRIs and SNRIs produces a protective effect against oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) is an antioxidant protein that reverses protein cysteine oxidation and facilitates scavenging reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVES: The current study is to determine whether the SSRI fluoxetine and the SNRI venlafaxine regulate Trx and protect neuronal cells against protein cysteine oxidation. METHODS:HT22mouse hippocampal cells were incubated with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days. Protein levels of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and Trx-interacting protein (Txnip) were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Trx and TrxR activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Protein cysteine sulfenylation was measured by dimedone-conjugation assay, while nitrosylation was measured by biotin-switch assay. RESULTS: We found that treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days increased Trx and TrxR protein levels but produced no effect on Txnip protein levels. These treatments also increased Trx and TrxR activities. Although treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine alone had no effect on sulfenylated and nitrosylated protein levels, both drugs inhibited H2O2-increased sulfenylated protein levels and nitric oxidedonornitrosoglutathione-increased nitrosylated protein levels. Stress increases risk of depression. We also found that treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine for 5 days inhibited stress hormone corticosterone-increased total sulfenylated and nitrosylated protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that chronic treatment with antidepressants may upregulate Trx, subsequently inhibiting protein sulfenylation and nitrosylation, which may contribute to the protective effect of antidepressants against oxidative stress. Our findings also indicate that thioredoxin is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
Authors: Marwa M Al-Samhari; Nouf M Al-Rasheed; Salim Al-Rejaie; Nawal M Al-Rasheed; Iman H Hasan; Ayman M Mahmoud; Nduna Dzimiri Journal: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) Date: 2015-12-06
Authors: Stacy A Henry; Selina Crivello; Tina M Nguyen; Magdalena Cybulska; Ngoc S Hoang; Mary Nguyen; Tajinder Badial; Nazgol Emami; Nasma Awada; Johnathen F Woodward; Christopher H So Journal: Cell Stress Chaperones Date: 2020-10-16 Impact factor: 3.667