Dariusz Walkowiak1, Lukasz Kaluzny2, Anna Bukowska-Posadzy3, Mariusz Oltarzewski4, Rafal Staszewski5, Jerzy A Moczko6, Michal Musielak7, Jaroslaw Walkowiak2. 1. Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: dariuszwalkowiak@ump.edu.pl. 2. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 3. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 4. Department of Screening Tests, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. 5. Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 6. Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 7. Department of Social Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This cohort study aimed to determine the frequency of overweight and obesity in classical phenylketonuria children and to identify the possible influence of metabolic control on the BMI of the studied patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 63 classical phenylketonuria patients (40 girls and 23 boys; aged 5-16 years). Their z-score BMI, metabolic control, educational level of parents and socioeconomic status were determined. RESULTS: Twenty children were overweight or obese and only three were underweight. The percentages of overweight and obese children were 31.7% for the whole group, 21.7% (5 out of 23) for boys and 37.5% (15 out of 40) for girls. Overweight and obesity in these phenylketonuria patients was statistically significantly more frequent when compared to national reference studies (p = 0.0031). The five-year index of dietary control and the percentage of spikes exceeding 6 and 12 mg/dl (Spikes 6 and 12) indicated better metabolic control in the case of normal weight children than those who were overweight and obese (p < 0.049, p < 0.041 and p < 0.011, respectively). The odds ratio of being overweight or obese for those having poorer metabolic control (values higher vs lower than mean) was statistically significantly higher than for the remaining patients (for Spikes 12: 6.926 < 95%CI: 2.011-23.854 > ; p < 0.002). These results strongly suggest a link between overweight and diet non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Children with classical phenylketonuria presented higher odds of being overweight or obese as compared with reference national studies, with girls only having a higher frequency of overweight.
PURPOSE: This cohort study aimed to determine the frequency of overweight and obesity in classical phenylketonuriachildren and to identify the possible influence of metabolic control on the BMI of the studied patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 63 classical phenylketonuriapatients (40 girls and 23 boys; aged 5-16 years). Their z-score BMI, metabolic control, educational level of parents and socioeconomic status were determined. RESULTS: Twenty children were overweight or obese and only three were underweight. The percentages of overweight and obesechildren were 31.7% for the whole group, 21.7% (5 out of 23) for boys and 37.5% (15 out of 40) for girls. Overweight and obesity in these phenylketonuriapatients was statistically significantly more frequent when compared to national reference studies (p = 0.0031). The five-year index of dietary control and the percentage of spikes exceeding 6 and 12 mg/dl (Spikes 6 and 12) indicated better metabolic control in the case of normal weight children than those who were overweight and obese (p < 0.049, p < 0.041 and p < 0.011, respectively). The odds ratio of being overweight or obese for those having poorer metabolic control (values higher vs lower than mean) was statistically significantly higher than for the remaining patients (for Spikes 12: 6.926 < 95%CI: 2.011-23.854 > ; p < 0.002). These results strongly suggest a link between overweight and diet non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS:Children with classical phenylketonuria presented higher odds of being overweight or obese as compared with reference national studies, with girls only having a higher frequency of overweight.