Megan Opichka1, Robert Shute2, Katherine Marshall3, Dustin Slivka4. 1. University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States. Electronic address: mvandehei@unomaha.edu. 2. University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States. Electronic address: rshute@unomaha.edu. 3. University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States. Electronic address: kgmarshall@unomaha.edu. 4. University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States. Electronic address: dslivka@unomaha.edu.
Abstract
Cold exposure during cycling and recovery enhances PGC-1α transcription, but aspects of mitophagy and a more intense cold exposure without recovery occurring in the cold have not been explored. PURPOSE: Determine the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy following an acute cycling bout at a temperature below freezing compared to that of room temperature. METHODS: Eleven male participants cycled at 65% Wmax for 1 h at -2 °C and 20 °C and then recovered at room temperature for 6 h. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before exercise, 3 h, and 6 h post-exercise for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: Exercising heart rate and skin temperature were lower in the cold (p < 0.001; p = 0.004), while core temperature was higher (p = 0.016). Temperature had no effect on gene expression (p > 0.05). BNIP3 and BNIP3L mRNA were not influenced by exercise (p = 0.329; p 0.233). PGC-1α and VEGF were higher after cycling (p < 0.001), but the extent of PGC-1α upregulation was reduced 6 h post-exercise (p 0.006). TFAM increased 6 h post-exercise (p = 0.001). NRF2, ERRα, PINK1, and PARK2 decreased 3 h post-exercise (p 0.035; p = 0.005; p = 0.002; p = 0.001), but this downregulation was diminished after 6 h of recovery (p = 0.017; p 0.006; p = 0.043; p = 0.047). NRF1 was marginally attenuated with exercise (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise induced alterations in gene expression for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, but these effects were independent of temperature.
Cold exposure during cycling and recovery enhances PGC-1α transcription, but aspects of mitophagy and a more intense cold exposure without recovery occurring in the cold have not been explored. PURPOSE: Determine the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy following an acute cycling bout at a temperature below freezing compared to that of room temperature. METHODS: Eleven male participants cycled at 65% Wmax for 1 h at -2 °C and 20 °C and then recovered at room temperature for 6 h. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before exercise, 3 h, and 6 h post-exercise for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: Exercising heart rate and skin temperature were lower in the cold (p < 0.001; p = 0.004), while core temperature was higher (p = 0.016). Temperature had no effect on gene expression (p > 0.05). BNIP3 and BNIP3L mRNA were not influenced by exercise (p = 0.329; p 0.233). PGC-1α and VEGF were higher after cycling (p < 0.001), but the extent of PGC-1α upregulation was reduced 6 h post-exercise (p 0.006). TFAM increased 6 h post-exercise (p = 0.001). NRF2, ERRα, PINK1, and PARK2 decreased 3 h post-exercise (p 0.035; p = 0.005; p = 0.002; p = 0.001), but this downregulation was diminished after 6 h of recovery (p = 0.017; p 0.006; p = 0.043; p = 0.047). NRF1 was marginally attenuated with exercise (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise induced alterations in gene expression for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, but these effects were independent of temperature.
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