J G Cooper1,2, Å Bakke1,3, I Dalen4, S Carlsen1, S Skeie1,5, K F Løvaas2, S Sandberg2,3,6, G Thue2,3. 1. Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 2. Norwegian Organisation for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 3. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 4. Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 5. Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 6. The Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS) Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
AIMS: To use data from the Norwegian Diabetes Registry for Adults and Statistics Norway to assess factors associated with glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The analyses included all individuals aged ≥18 years who had a type 1 diabetes duration of >2 years and a recorded value in the registry between 2013 and 2015 (n=7601). Predicted mean HbA1c levels for subgroups of participants were assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Young age (18-25 years), low education levels, smoking, living alone, exercising infrequently, monitoring glucose infrequently, high insulin requirements, low frequency of symptomatic hypoglycaemia, history of ketoacidosis and a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were associated with a 2-12-mmol/mol (0.2-1.1%) higher HbA1c level. Those with 10-15 years of diabetes duration had 5-mmol/mol (0.5%) higher HbA1c level than those who had a diabetes duration of 2-5 years. Sex, participation (ever) in a diabetes education course, or ever experiencing serious hypoglycaemia were not associated with glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS: We present representative national data on factors that were associated with glycaemic control. A better understanding and awareness of these factors, together with technological advances in diabetes management, could lead to more personalized management strategies, better glycaemic control and a lower risk of diabetes complications.
AIMS: To use data from the Norwegian Diabetes Registry for Adults and Statistics Norway to assess factors associated with glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The analyses included all individuals aged ≥18 years who had a type 1 diabetes duration of >2 years and a recorded value in the registry between 2013 and 2015 (n=7601). Predicted mean HbA1c levels for subgroups of participants were assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Young age (18-25 years), low education levels, smoking, living alone, exercising infrequently, monitoring glucose infrequently, high insulin requirements, low frequency of symptomatic hypoglycaemia, history of ketoacidosis and a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were associated with a 2-12-mmol/mol (0.2-1.1%) higher HbA1c level. Those with 10-15 years of diabetes duration had 5-mmol/mol (0.5%) higher HbA1c level than those who had a diabetes duration of 2-5 years. Sex, participation (ever) in a diabetes education course, or ever experiencing serious hypoglycaemia were not associated with glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS: We present representative national data on factors that were associated with glycaemic control. A better understanding and awareness of these factors, together with technological advances in diabetes management, could lead to more personalized management strategies, better glycaemic control and a lower risk of diabetes complications.
Authors: Ingvild Hernar; Marit Graue; David A Richards; Ragnhild B Strandberg; Roy Miodini Nilsen; Magne Rekdal; Karianne Fjeld Løvaas; Tone V Madsen; Grethe S Tell; Anne Haugstvedt Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-04-14 Impact factor: 2.692