Emi Inada1, Issei Saitoh2, Yasutaka Kaihara3, Daisuke Murakami1, Yukiko Nogami2, Naoko Kubota1, Yoshito Shirazawa1, Norihito Ishitani4, Takeshi Oku5, Youichi Yamasaki1. 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. 2. Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. 3. Dental Hygiene Course, Ogaki Women's College, Ogaki-shi, Japan. 4. Ishitani Clinic of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Kagoshima, Japan. 5. Oku Clinic of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Kagoshima, Japan.
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether incompetent lip seal (ILS) influences the form of facial soft tissue. Methods: Four hundred forty-four preschool children 3-5 years of age were selected. The images of the subjects' facial surface were obtained with a three-dimensional laser scanner. Coordinates of 16 facial landmarks were established and identified on the three-dimensional facial images, and the differences between children with (wILS) and without ILS (woILS) were measured. Results: The angle of sagittal facial convexity, excluding the nose, in 4- and 5-year-old children was significantly smaller in wILS children than in woILS children. The nasal prominence angle and the protrusion angle of lips in wILS children were significantly smaller than those in woILS children, at all ages. Conclusion: Children with ILS have anteriorly prominent subnasales and lips and flatter noses. The influence of ILS on facial form begins to appear even before 3 years of age.
Objective: To examine whether incompetent lip seal (ILS) influences the form of facial soft tissue. Methods: Four hundred forty-four preschool children 3-5 years of age were selected. The images of the subjects' facial surface were obtained with a three-dimensional laser scanner. Coordinates of 16 facial landmarks were established and identified on the three-dimensional facial images, and the differences between children with (wILS) and without ILS (woILS) were measured. Results: The angle of sagittal facial convexity, excluding the nose, in 4- and 5-year-old children was significantly smaller in wILS children than in woILS children. The nasal prominence angle and the protrusion angle of lips in wILS children were significantly smaller than those in woILS children, at all ages. Conclusion:Children with ILS have anteriorly prominent subnasales and lips and flatter noses. The influence of ILS on facial form begins to appear even before 3 years of age.