B Ribeiro da Cunha1,2, L P Fonseca1, C R C Calado2. 1. iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. 2. ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL), Lisboa, Portugal.
Abstract
AIMS: To develop and optimize a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) phenotypic screening bioassay for stress responses, regarding the effect of nutrient content, bacterial growth phase and stress agent exposure time. METHODS AND RESULTS: A high-throughput FTIRS bioassay was developed to distinguish the stress responses of Escherichia coli to sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hypochlorite and ethanol. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to quantify the effect of each parameter on bioassay performance, namely its reproducibility and metabolic resolution. Bioassay performance varied greatly, ranging from poor to very good. Spectra were partitioned into biologically relevant regions to evaluate their contributions to bioassay performance, but further improvements were not observed. Bioassay optimization was validated against empirical parameters, which confirmed a closer representation of known mechanisms on the antibiotic-induced stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized bioassay used standard nutrient content, cells in the late-stationary growth phase and a one-shift exposure duration. Only the optimized bioassay adequately and reproducibly distinguished the E. coli stress and antibiotic responses. The absence of performance improvements using partitioned spectra indicated that stress responses are imprinted on the whole-spectra metabolic signature. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Highly optimized FTIRS bioassay parameters are vital in capturing whole-spectra metabolic signatures that can be used for satisfactory and reproducible phenotypic screening of stress and antibiotic responses.
AIMS: To develop and optimize a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) phenotypic screening bioassay for stress responses, regarding the effect of nutrient content, bacterial growth phase and stress agent exposure time. METHODS AND RESULTS: A high-throughput FTIRS bioassay was developed to distinguish the stress responses of Escherichia coli to sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hypochlorite and ethanol. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to quantify the effect of each parameter on bioassay performance, namely its reproducibility and metabolic resolution. Bioassay performance varied greatly, ranging from poor to very good. Spectra were partitioned into biologically relevant regions to evaluate their contributions to bioassay performance, but further improvements were not observed. Bioassay optimization was validated against empirical parameters, which confirmed a closer representation of known mechanisms on the antibiotic-induced stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized bioassay used standard nutrient content, cells in the late-stationary growth phase and a one-shift exposure duration. Only the optimized bioassay adequately and reproducibly distinguished the E. coli stress and antibiotic responses. The absence of performance improvements using partitioned spectra indicated that stress responses are imprinted on the whole-spectra metabolic signature. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Highly optimized FTIRS bioassay parameters are vital in capturing whole-spectra metabolic signatures that can be used for satisfactory and reproducible phenotypic screening of stress and antibiotic responses.
Authors: Lisa M T Lam; Ashraf A Ismail; Simon Lévesque; Simon F Dufresne; Mathew P Cheng; Émilie Vallières; Me-Linh Luong; Jacqueline Sedman; Philippe J Dufresne Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2021-10-20 Impact factor: 11.677