Ling Liu1, Zhiwei Gao1, Yi Yang1, Maoqin Li2, Xinwei Mu3, Xiaochun Ma4, Guicheng Li5, Wen Sun6, Xue Wang7, Qin Gu8, Ruiqiang Zheng9, Hongsheng Zhao10, Jianfeng Xie1, Haibo Qiu1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. 2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China. 3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. 4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. 5. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, China. 6. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jurong People's Hospital, Jurong 212400, China. 7. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. 8. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China. 9. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China. 10. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ventilation practice may be affected by economic variations, which might result in different outcomes to mechanically ventilated patients. We aimed to investigate the important effect of economic variations in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) in China. METHODS: We carried out a national prospective multicentre cross-sectional observational study over 1 month of all patients receiving invasive MV for more than 24 hours in 20 intensive care units (ICUs), including patient characteristics, practice of MV, weaning modalities and outcomes, including probability of weaning and survival. Based on the 2012 World Bank classification of counties, patients were divided into high-income and middle-income groups according to gross domestic product per capita in their province of origin. RESULTS: Of the 483 patients enrolled, 291 (60.2%) were from high-income provinces and 192 (39.8%) were from middle-income provinces. Tidal volume, peak pressure, plateau and driving pressure were significantly lower, and the proportion of patients receiving protective ventilation (71.1% vs. 59.9%, P=0.014) was significantly higher in the high-income group than in the middle-income group. The probability of weaning within 28 days was significantly greater in the high-income group than in the middle-income group (P=0.046). Patients in the high-income group had significantly higher median numbers of ventilator-free days within 14 and 28 days than those in the middle-income group (P<0.05). Although the patients did not differ in terms of their demographics, survival within 28 days was significantly higher in the high-income group than in the middle-income group (P=0.025). Driving pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and spontaneous breathing trial were independently associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Important economic differences exist in the management of MV and patient outcomes. Higher income is associated with a higher proportion of protective ventilation, lower driving pressure, shorter weaning and better survival in mechanically ventilated patients in China.
BACKGROUND: Ventilation practice may be affected by economic variations, which might result in different outcomes to mechanically ventilated patients. We aimed to investigate the important effect of economic variations in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) in China. METHODS: We carried out a national prospective multicentre cross-sectional observational study over 1 month of all patients receiving invasive MV for more than 24 hours in 20 intensive care units (ICUs), including patient characteristics, practice of MV, weaning modalities and outcomes, including probability of weaning and survival. Based on the 2012 World Bank classification of counties, patients were divided into high-income and middle-income groups according to gross domestic product per capita in their province of origin. RESULTS: Of the 483 patients enrolled, 291 (60.2%) were from high-income provinces and 192 (39.8%) were from middle-income provinces. Tidal volume, peak pressure, plateau and driving pressure were significantly lower, and the proportion of patients receiving protective ventilation (71.1% vs. 59.9%, P=0.014) was significantly higher in the high-income group than in the middle-income group. The probability of weaning within 28 days was significantly greater in the high-income group than in the middle-income group (P=0.046). Patients in the high-income group had significantly higher median numbers of ventilator-free days within 14 and 28 days than those in the middle-income group (P<0.05). Although the patients did not differ in terms of their demographics, survival within 28 days was significantly higher in the high-income group than in the middle-income group (P=0.025). Driving pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and spontaneous breathing trial were independently associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Important economic differences exist in the management of MV and patient outcomes. Higher income is associated with a higher proportion of protective ventilation, lower driving pressure, shorter weaning and better survival in mechanically ventilated patients in China.
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