Ji Haeng Heo1, Karen L Rascati2, James P Wilson2, Kenneth A Lawson2, Kristin M Richards2, Radhika Nair3. 1. Health Outcomes Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, and Genesis Research, Hoboken, New Jersey. 2. Health Outcomes Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin. 3. Humana, Louisville, Kentucky.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are considered an initial therapy to manage increased intraocular pressure (IOP) for patients with glaucoma. When the initial PGA treatment fails to lower IOP adequately, the patient may add or change medications or have surgery/laser treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare medication adherence, duration of therapy, and treatment patterns among 3 PGAs-latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost-as initial therapies for patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data. The cohort consisted of patients newly diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension with at least 1 prescription claim for latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost and enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan between 2007 and 2012. The 24-month medication possession ratio (MPR) was used to measure medication adherence. Discontinuation of first-line PGA therapy was defined as nonpersistence (90-day gap allowance) of the index PGA or a change in therapy during the 24-month follow-up period. Types of second-line therapy (i.e., switch, addition, and surgery) were identified. The 1:1:1 propensity score matching was used. RESULTS: Patients who met the inclusion criteria were propensity score matched, resulting in 1,296 patients per PGA group. Latanoprost users showed higher adherence (50.1%) than travoprost (48.8%) and bimatoprost (43.0%) users. The latanoprost and travoprost groups had significantly higher MPRs than bimatoprost (P < 0.0001). The latanoprost group showed significantly longer duration of first-line therapy (372 days) than the bimatoprost group (343 days; P = 0.003) but not the travoprost group (361 days). After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, a Cox proportional hazards model showed that the travoprost and bimatoprost groups had a higher risk of discontinuation of first-line therapy than the latanoprost group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients continuing on the index PGA without treatment pattern change (i.e., switches, additions, and surgery) was higher for latanoprost users (52.9%) compared with travoprost (39.0%) or bimatoprost users (42.1%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who used latanoprost as their initial therapy were more likely to adhere and persist to the index PGA compared with bimatoprost users. The latanoprost group demonstrated a lower risk of discontinuing first-line therapy than the travoprost and bimatoprost groups. The results may assist ophthalmologists in determining the optimal management of this patient population with respect to treatment patterns. DISCLOSURES: No outside funding supported this study. All authors except Heo and Nair are employed by The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy. Heo was with the Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy during a portion of this study and is employed by Genesis Research. Nair is employed by Humana. The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. This study was presented as a poster at the 2016 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Annual Meeting, May 2016, Washington, DC.
BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are considered an initial therapy to manage increased intraocular pressure (IOP) for patients with glaucoma. When the initial PGA treatment fails to lower IOP adequately, the patient may add or change medications or have surgery/laser treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare medication adherence, duration of therapy, and treatment patterns among 3 PGAs-latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost-as initial therapies for patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data. The cohort consisted of patients newly diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension with at least 1 prescription claim for latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost and enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan between 2007 and 2012. The 24-month medication possession ratio (MPR) was used to measure medication adherence. Discontinuation of first-line PGA therapy was defined as nonpersistence (90-day gap allowance) of the index PGA or a change in therapy during the 24-month follow-up period. Types of second-line therapy (i.e., switch, addition, and surgery) were identified. The 1:1:1 propensity score matching was used. RESULTS: Patients who met the inclusion criteria were propensity score matched, resulting in 1,296 patients per PGA group. Latanoprost users showed higher adherence (50.1%) than travoprost (48.8%) and bimatoprost (43.0%) users. The latanoprost and travoprost groups had significantly higher MPRs than bimatoprost (P < 0.0001). The latanoprost group showed significantly longer duration of first-line therapy (372 days) than the bimatoprost group (343 days; P = 0.003) but not the travoprost group (361 days). After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, a Cox proportional hazards model showed that the travoprost and bimatoprost groups had a higher risk of discontinuation of first-line therapy than the latanoprost group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients continuing on the index PGA without treatment pattern change (i.e., switches, additions, and surgery) was higher for latanoprost users (52.9%) compared with travoprost (39.0%) or bimatoprost users (42.1%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who used latanoprost as their initial therapy were more likely to adhere and persist to the index PGA compared with bimatoprost users. The latanoprost group demonstrated a lower risk of discontinuing first-line therapy than the travoprost and bimatoprost groups. The results may assist ophthalmologists in determining the optimal management of this patient population with respect to treatment patterns. DISCLOSURES: No outside funding supported this study. All authors except Heo and Nair are employed by The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy. Heo was with the Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy during a portion of this study and is employed by Genesis Research. Nair is employed by Humana. The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. This study was presented as a poster at the 2016 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Annual Meeting, May 2016, Washington, DC.
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