| Literature DB >> 31447982 |
Frédéric Nogbou Ello1, Lidaw Déassoua Bawe1, Gisèle Affoué Kouakou1, Chrysostome Melaine Mossou1, Doumbia Adama1, Alain N'douba Kassi1, Dine Mourtada1, Eboi Ehui1, Aristophane Tanon1, Christophe Konin2, François Eba Aoussi1, Aka Rigobert Kakou1, Serge Paul Eholié1.
Abstract
In HIV-infected patients thromboembolic disease is a complication linked to heightened risk. In Ivory Coast no study has been conducted on HIV-infected patients treated in HIV Services. The aim of our study is to describe HIV-associated thromboembolic manifestations in patients treated or untreated with antiretroviral drugs whose data were collected in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Service (ITDS). We conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of HIV-infected patients hospitalized with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), arterial thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism over the period January 2005-July 2015. Diagnosis was based on Doppler ultrasound of vessels and/or on thoracic angioscanner. Diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary features of thromboembolic manifestations in these patients were analyzed. The medical records of 36 patients, including 23 women (64%), with a sex-ratio M/F of 0.57 and an average age of 43±12 years were selected. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was found in 26 (72.2%) patients, pulmonary embolism (PE) in 9 (25%) patients and arterial thrombosis in 1 patient (2.8%). DVT was unilateral in 81% of cases and predominantly left-sided in 77% of cases. PE was unilateral and right-sided in 100% of cases while arterial thrombosis was bilateral in 2.7% of cases. In patients with DVT, the femoral vein (39%) and the popliteal vein (35%) were most commonly affected by thrombosis. PE involved the pulmonary arteries in 77.8% of cases while arterial thrombosis involved the left and right internal carotid. The majority of patients was under antiretroviral treatment (69%). The most commonly associated opportunistic infections included oral candidiasis (31%) and tuberculosis (33%). Nine patients died (25%). This study highlights high rates of DVT in HIV-infected patients. Other studies are necessary to better understand the role of HIV in the occurrence of thromboembolic disease.Entities:
Keywords: HIV; Thromboembolic disease; West Africa
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2018 PMID: 31447982 PMCID: PMC6691290 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.224.13774
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
données générales des patients de l’étude, SMIT, 2005-2015, N = 36
| Variables | Total (n=36) |
|---|---|
| Age (années), moyenne (ET) | 43,3 (±12) |
| Féminin | 23 (64) |
| Homme | 13 (36) |
| Oui | 28 (78) |
| Non | 08 (22) |
| VIH1 | 35 (97) |
| VIH2 | 01 (03) |
| Moins de 1 an | 13 (36) |
| 1-5 ans | 13 (36) |
| >5 ans | 10 (28) |
| Tuberculose | 09 (25) |
| Hospitalisation antérieure | 15 (42) |
| Diabète ou HTA | 08 (22) |
| Oui | 30 (83) |
| Non | 06 (17) |
| Tuberculose | 12 (33) |
| Candidose orale | 11 (31) |
| Toxoplasmose Cérébrale | 03 (8,3) |
| Cryptococcose neuroméningée | 01 (2,7) |
| Herpès génital | 01 (2,7) |
| Pneumocystose | 01 (2,7) |
| Mycobactériose atypique | 01 (2.7) |
| Infection bactérienne sévère | 15 (41,7) |
| Pathologie tumorale | 02 (0,5) |
| Taux de CD4, Moyenne (±ET) | 108,7 (±202,3) |
| Oui | 25 (69) |
| Non | 11 (31) |
| 2INRT + INNRT | 16 (64) |
| 2 INRT+ IP/rit | 08 (32) |
| 2 INRT+ Anti intégrase | 01 (04) |
ET; Ecart-type, Stade CDC: Classification de l’infection à VIH/SIDA chez l’adulte; IO: Infection Opportuniste;
Traitement ARV: Traitement antirétroviral; INRT: Inhibiteur Nucléosidique de la Transcriptase Inverse, INNRT: Inhibiteur Non Nucléosidique de la Transcriptase Inverse
descriptif des manifestations thromboemboliques, SMIT, 2005-2015, N = 36
| Manifestations thromboemboliques | Effectif | Pourcentage |
|---|---|---|
| Embolie pulmonaire | N = 9 | |
| A l’admission | 05 | 56 |
| Au-delà de 24h | 04 | 44 |
| Fièvre | 06 | 67 |
| Ballotement du mollet | 08 | 89 |
| Dyspnée | 05 | 56 |
| Douleur thoracique | 02 | 22 |
| Toux | 07 | 78 |
| Unilatérale | 03 | 33 |
| Bilatérale | 06 | 67 |
| Gauche | 06 | 67 |
| Droite | 09 | 100 |
| Tronc principal | 07 | 78 |
| Branche segmentaires | 08 | 89 |
| Branches sous-segmentaires | 07 | 78 |
| Thrombose veineuse profonde | ||
| N=26 | ||
| A l’admission | 21 | 81 |
| Grosse jambe douloureuse | 19 | 73 |
| Signe de Homans présent | 22 | 85 |
| Ballotement du mollet | 17 | 65 |
| Unilatérale | 21 | 81 |
| Bilatérale | 05 | 19 |
| Gauche | 20 | 77 |
| Droite | 06 | 23 |
| Fémorales | 10 | 39 |
| Poplitées | 09 | 35 |
| Iliaques | 01 | 04 |
| Surales | 04 | 15 |
| Autres | 02 | 08 |
| Thrombose artérielle | N=01 | |
| Au-delà de 24h | 01 | 100 |
| Fièvre | 01 | 100 |
| Ballotement du mollet | 01 | 100 |
| Bilatérale | 01 | 100 |
| Carotides internes (droite et gauche) | 01 | 100 |
une douleur provoquée du mollet à la dorsiflexion du pied. C'est un signe recherché lors d'une suspicion de thrombose veineuse profonde à l'examen clinique, mais il ne peut pas faire le diagnostic; NB: 6 cas des embolies pulmonaires étaient associés à une thrombose veineuse profonde
données thérapeutiques et évolutives des patients de l’étude, SMIT, 2005-2015, N = 36
| Variables | Effectif | Pourcentage |
|---|---|---|
| Traitement de la thrombose | ||
| Enoxaparine | ||
| Oui | 32 | 89 |
| Non | 04 | 11 |
| Calciparine | ||
| Oui | 04 | 11 |
| Non | 32 | 89 |
| AVK | ||
| Oui | 20 | 56 |
| Non | 16 | 44 |
| Association HBPM-AVK | ||
| Oui | 06 | 17 |
| Non | 30 | 83 |
| Autres traitements | ||
| -Antituberculeux | 12 | 33 |
| -Antibiotiques | 24 | 67 |
| Décès | ||
| Oui | 09 | 25 |
| Non | 27 | 75 |
AVK: Antivitamine K; Association HBPM-AVK : Association Heparine de Bas Poids Moléculaire et Antivitamine K