Follicular atresia associated with concurrent initiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and follicle-stimulating hormone for oocyte recruitment.

The ability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to cause an initial stimulation of serum gonadotropins was used for follicular recruitment for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 12 patients with a history of low estradiol (E2) response to conventional gonadotropin stimulation. Stimulation was initiated on cycle day 3 with concurrent administration of leuprolide (1 mg/day subcutaneously) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, 4 ampules/day intramuscularly). An 8-fold increase in basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and a 4-fold increase in basal serum FSH was seen on cycle day 4. Serum progesterone levels rose significantly by day 6. When compared to prior IVF attempts in these patients, the mean day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration and corresponding E2 levels were not significantly different. More atretic oocytes and fewer preovulatory oocytes were retrieved using GnRHa, and no increase was seen in total oocytes retrieved. One patient was canceled for poor E2 response, and one patient conceived, with a current viable pregnancy. It is concluded that concurrent initiation of leuprolide and FSH stimulation on cycle day 3 in patients with prior low response does not improve oocyte recruitment, and the high LH environment generated from initial stimulation of the agonist may be detrimental to normal oocyte development.