Tien S Dong1, Jonathan P Jacobs1,2,3, Shehnaz K Hussain4. 1. The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 116 North Robertson Blvd., PACT 900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. shehnaz.hussain@cshs.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature on associations of small intestinal microbial and bile acid profiles with liver cirrhosis and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies into the duodenal microbiome of patients with cirrhosis have linked the microbiome to certain etiologies of chronic liver disease as well as complications of cirrhosis. In particular, microbial differences in the duodenum of patients with cirrhosis have been linked to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy and varices. While the fecal microbiome of patients with liver cirrhosis is well characterized, the small intestinal microbiome of cirrhotic patients is an active area of research. This review focuses on the current understanding of the small intestinal microbiome in human cirrhosis as well as future directions of the field.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature on associations of small intestinal microbial and bile acid profiles with liver cirrhosis and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies into the duodenal microbiome of patients with cirrhosis have linked the microbiome to certain etiologies of chronic liver disease as well as complications of cirrhosis. In particular, microbial differences in the duodenum of patients with cirrhosis have been linked to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy and varices. While the fecal microbiome of patients with liver cirrhosis is well characterized, the small intestinal microbiome of cirrhoticpatients is an active area of research. This review focuses on the current understanding of the small intestinal microbiome in humancirrhosis as well as future directions of the field.
Entities:
Keywords:
Ascites; Bile acids; Cirrhosis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Microbiome; Portal hypertension
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