Simone Talens1, Frank W G Leebeek1, Robert Veerhuis2,3, Dingeman C Rijken1. 1. Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Psychiatry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many proteins bind to fibrin during clot formation in plasma. We previously identified by mass spectrometry the most abundant proteins that noncovalently bind to fibrin clots. Several of these proteins (e.g., apolipoprotein J/clusterin, haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin) can act as extracellular chaperones. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that clot-binding proteins may interact with fibrin as chaperones. The goal of this study is to test this hypothesis and to investigate the origin of the cross-β or amyloid structures in fibrin clots, which are associated with protein unfolding. METHODS AND RESULTS: A thioflavin T assay was used to detect cross-β structures. A steadily increasing amount was measured in the fibrinogen fraction of plasma during heat stress, a standard treatment to induce unfolding of proteins. Heat-stressed plasma was clotted and clot-bound proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the amounts of the clot-bound proteins were related to the duration of the heat stress. This indicates that cross-β structures in unfolded fibrin(ogen) are involved in clot binding of the proteins, which supports our chaperone hypothesis. A contributing role of fibrin formation itself was studied by clotting purified fibrinogen with thrombin in the presence of thioflavin T. The fluorescence intensity increased in time in the presence of thrombin, but did not increase in its absence. This provides evidence for the generation of cross-β structures during fibrin formation. CONCLUSION: Fibrin clots generated in plasma are decorated with extracellular chaperones. The binding of these chaperones involves cross-β structures originating both from unfolded fibrinogen and from fibrin formation. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
BACKGROUND: Many proteins bind to fibrin during clot formation in plasma. We previously identified by mass spectrometry the most abundant proteins that noncovalently bind to fibrin clots. Several of these proteins (e.g., apolipoprotein J/clusterin, haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin) can act as extracellular chaperones. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that clot-binding proteins may interact with fibrin as chaperones. The goal of this study is to test this hypothesis and to investigate the origin of the cross-β or amyloid structures in fibrin clots, which are associated with protein unfolding. METHODS AND RESULTS: A thioflavin T assay was used to detect cross-β structures. A steadily increasing amount was measured in the fibrinogen fraction of plasma during heat stress, a standard treatment to induce unfolding of proteins. Heat-stressed plasma was clotted and clot-bound proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the amounts of the clot-bound proteins were related to the duration of the heat stress. This indicates that cross-β structures in unfolded fibrin(ogen) are involved in clot binding of the proteins, which supports our chaperone hypothesis. A contributing role of fibrin formation itself was studied by clotting purified fibrinogen with thrombin in the presence of thioflavin T. The fluorescence intensity increased in time in the presence of thrombin, but did not increase in its absence. This provides evidence for the generation of cross-β structures during fibrin formation. CONCLUSION: Fibrin clots generated in plasma are decorated with extracellular chaperones. The binding of these chaperones involves cross-β structures originating both from unfolded fibrinogen and from fibrin formation. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Authors: Valerie Tutwiler; Jaspreet Singh; Rustem I Litvinov; John L Bassani; Prashant K Purohit; John W Weisel Journal: Sci Adv Date: 2020-08-26 Impact factor: 14.136