| Literature DB >> 31423020 |
Claudia Plappert1, Joachim Graf1, Elisabeth Simoes2,3, Stefani Schönhardt1, Harald Abele1,4.
Abstract
Germany faces the challenge of enforcing the academization of midwifery training in the upcoming months in order to comply with Directive 2013/55/EU. This paper outlines the related developments and challenges. At the moment, midwifery training in Germany is still predominantly carried out in technical colleges. In 2019, less than 20% of midwifery training places were college-based. The current standard training is a dual training system which combines vocational training with academic-based courses, but this approach will no longer be feasible once the EU directive has been fully implemented. Although the existing draft legislation completely transfers midwifery training to institutions of higher education, various aspects of this concept have remained vague and do not take account of the laws on higher education in the individual federal states. Moreover, if midwifery training is to be provided by both universities and colleges, this will lead to quite different levels of academization within a relatively small professional group. The concept that universities offer primary qualifications comes closest to the required quality standards for professional, science-based, practical and evidence-based midwifery training.Entities:
Keywords: German Midwifery Law; academization of midwifery; evidence-based midwifery; primary qualification; university education
Year: 2019 PMID: 31423020 PMCID: PMC6690737 DOI: 10.1055/a-0958-9519
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Type of qualification and college places of the midwifery degree courses which currently exist in Germany.
| Type of qualification | Location: cooperation partner(s) | Degree program, ECTS | College places/year, specific features |
|---|---|---|---|
| * The number of available places on these degree courses depends on the number of clinical training places. | |||
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| Berlin: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 20 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Part-time degree possible Start in 5th semester as an on-the-job degree possible |
| Bremen: | No information currently available | No information currently available Expected start: October 2020 | |
| Hamburg: | B. Sc. Midwife | Not published* 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Monthly tuition fees | |
| Heidenheim/Ulm: | B. Sc. Applied Science of Midwifery | 18 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) | |
| Jena: | B. Sc. Obstetrics/Midwifery | Not published* 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) | |
| Karlsruhe: | B. Sc. Applied Science of Midwifery | 30 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) | |
| Ludwigshafen: | B. Sc. Midwifery | Not published* 7 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Shorter on-the-job degree possible | |
| Lübeck: | B. Sc. Midwifery Science | 35 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) | |
| Mainz: | B. Sc. Health & Care, main focus Midwifery | Not published* 7 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Shorter on-the-job degree possible | |
| Munich: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 25 places 7 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Expected start: Oct. 2020 | |
| Osnabrück: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 35 places 6 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Shorter on-the-job degree possible | |
| Stuttgart: | B. Sc. Applied Science of Midwifery – Midwifery | 30 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) | |
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| Dresden: | B. Sc. Midwifery | Not published*
10 semesters
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| Stuttgart/Horb: | B. Sc. Applied Science of Midwifery – expanded practical midwifery | 30 places
6 semesters
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| Cologne: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 30 places
6 semesters
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| Bochum: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 30 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) |
| Fulda: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 30 places 8 semesters for a dual degree (= academic degree + vocational certificate) Shorter on-the-job degree possible | |
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| Tübingen: | B. Sc. Midwifery Science | 30 places 7 semesters for a dual degree (academic degree and vocational certificate); practical training is modular and at an academic standard |
Fig. 1Organization of midwifery training in Germany (as per: March 2019).
Table 2 Curriculum of the primary qualifying B. Sc. Science of Midwifery degree course in Tübingen.
| Module | 1st sem. | 2nd sem. | 3rd sem. | 4th sem. | 5th. sem. | 6th sem. | 7th sem. | Σ (ECTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1
Study area “Midwifery science skills”
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| Healthcare and welfare systems in the context of the practice and science of midwifery 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Health science/midwifery science thinking and methodological skills 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | ||||
| Social, conversational, communication and observational skills 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | |||||
| Basic principles of physiology and anatomy 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Microbiology and hygiene 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Midwifery duties and care: self-perception and basics 4 | 15 | 15 | ||||||
| General medical competences, emergency medicine, vital functions 2 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Scientific basics 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Prevention and health promotion 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Care and management during puerperium and lactation 4 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| Obstetric skills, gynecology and female health 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | |||||
| Management of pregnancy 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Birth attendance and care 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Psychosocial, ethical and legal aspects of midwifery 3 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| The neonate 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Care of women in puerperium 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Relationships/family, bonding, female health, health literacy 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Monitoring pathological/abnormal birth 4 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Surgical care of pregnant women and of women giving birth 4 | 9 | 9 | ||||||
| Pathological and abnormal course of pregnancy 4 | 9 | 9 | ||||||
| Child development disorders and diseases 4 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Interventions in standard and complex situations 4 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| Professional skill colloquium 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Midwifery in the German healthcare system, quality concepts, economics 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Evidence and clinical decision-making 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Applied science of midwifery (1 out of 4 choice of modules) 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Bachelor thesis 1 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
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| Conservative and surgical care 4 |
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| Puerperium 4 |
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| Neonatal unit 4 |
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| Delivery room 4 |
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| Pediatric hospital 4 |
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| Outpatient care/external 4 |
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| Delivery room and surgery 4 |
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| Peripartum care 4 |
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Tab. 1 Qualifizierungstypus und Studienplätze der bisher in Deutschland bestehenden Hebammenstudiengänge.
| Qualifizierungstypus | Standort: Kooperationspartner | Studiengang, ECTS | Studienplätze/Jahr, Besonderheiten |
|---|---|---|---|
| * Die Studiengänge halten sich die Zahl der Studienplätze entsprechend der angebotenen klinischen Ausbildungsplätze offen. | |||
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| Berlin: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | 20 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss Teilzeitstudium möglich Einstieg im 5. Semester berufsintegrierend möglich |
| Bremen: | noch keine Angaben verfügbar | noch keine Angaben verfügbar Beginn voraussichtlich Oktober 2020 | |
| Hamburg: | B. Sc. Hebamme | nicht publiziert* 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss monatliche Studiengebühren | |
| Heidenheim/Ulm: | B. Sc. Angewandte Hebammenwissenschaft | 18 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss | |
| Jena: | B. Sc. Geburtshilfe/Hebammenkunde | nicht publiziert* 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss | |
| Karlsruhe: | B. Sc. Angewandte Hebammenwissenschaft | 30 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss | |
| Ludwigshafen: | B. Sc. Hebammenwesen | nicht publiziert* 7-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss verkürztes berufsintegrierendes Studium möglich | |
| Lübeck: | B. Sc. Hebammenwissenschaft | 35 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss | |
| Mainz: | B. Sc. Gesundheit & Pflege, SP Hebammenwesen | nicht publiziert* 7-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss verkürztes berufsintegrierendes Studium möglich | |
| München: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | 25 Plätze 7-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss Beginn voraussichtlich Okt. 2020 | |
| Osnabrück: | B. Sc. Midwifery | 35 Plätze 6-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss verkürztes berufsintegrierendes Studium möglich | |
| Stuttgart: | B. Sc. Angewandte Hebammenwissenschaft – Hebammenkunde | 30 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss | |
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| Dresden: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | nicht publiziert*
10-semestrig
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| Stuttgart/Horb: | B. Sc. Angewandte Hebammenwissenschaft – erweiterte Hebammenpraxis | 30 Plätze
6-semestrig
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| Köln: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | 30 Plätze
6-semestrig
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| Bochum: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | 30 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss |
| Fulda: | B. Sc. Hebammenkunde | 30 Plätze 8-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss verkürztes berufsintegrierendes Studium möglich | |
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| Tübingen: | B. Sc. Hebammenwissenschaft | 30 Plätze 7-semestrig bis zum Doppelabschluss; Praxis modular auf akademischem Niveau |
Abb. 1Organisation der Hebammenausbildung in Deutschland (Stand: März 2019).
Tab. 2 Curriculum des primärqualifizierendes Studiengangs B. Sc. Hebammenwissenschaft in Tübingen.
| Module | 1. Sem. | 2. Sem. | 3. Sem. | 4. Sem. | 5. Sem. | 6. Sem. | 7. Sem. | Σ (ECTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1
Studienbereich „Hebammenwissenschaftliche Kompetenz“
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| Gesundheits- und Versorgungssystem im Kontext von Hebammenwesen und -wissenschaft 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Gesundheits-/hebammenwissenschaftliches Denken und Methodenkompetenz 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | ||||
| Soziale, Gesprächs-, Kommunikations- und Beobachtungskompetenz 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | |||||
| Grundlagen der Physiologie und Anatomie 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Mikrobiologie und Hygiene 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Hebammentätigkeit und Pflege: Selbstverständnis und Grundlagen 4 | 15 | 15 | ||||||
| Allgemeine medizinische Kompetenz, Notfallmedizin, Vitalfunktionen 2 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Pflege und Begleitung in Wochenbett und Stillzeit 4 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| Geburtshilfliche Kompetenzen, Gynäkologie und Frauengesundheit 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | |||||
| Schwangerschaftsbegleitung 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Geburten betreuen und begleiten 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Psychosoziale, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte der Hebammentätigkeit 3 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Das Neugeborene 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Versorgung von Wöchnerinnen 4 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
| Beziehung/Familie, Bonding, Frauengesundheit, Gesundheitskompetenz 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Pathologische/regelwidrige Geburt überwachen 4 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Operative Versorgung bei Schwangeren und im Rahmen der Geburt 4 | 9 | 9 | ||||||
| Pathologische und regelwidrige Schwangerschaftsverläufe 4 | 9 | 9 | ||||||
| Kindliche Entwicklungsstörungen und Krankheiten 4 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Interventionen in standardisierten und komplexen Situationen 4 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| Kolloquium Berufskompetenz 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Hebammentätigkeit im deutschen Gesundheitssystem, Qualitätskonzepte, Ökonomie 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Evidenz und klinische Entscheidungsfindung 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Angewandte Hebammenwissenschaft (1 von 4 Modulen zu Auswahl) 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Bachelorarbeit 1 | 12 | 12 | ||||||
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| Pflege konservativ und chirurgisch 4 |
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| Wochenbett 4 |
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| Neugeborenenstation 4 |
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| Kreißsaal 4 |
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| Kinderklinik 4 |
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| Außerklinischer Bereich/Externat 4 |
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| Kreißsaal und OP 4 |
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| Peripartale Versorgung 4 |
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